Regulation of the activity of adenylate cyclases by hydrogen peroxide in pea root cells Infected with pathogens and a mutualist

Abstract

This study examines the effect of a range of exogenous concentrations of hydrogen peroxide on the activity of transmembrane and soluble adenylate cyclases (EC 4.6.1.1) contained in root cells of pea seedlings infected with one of the following: Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. Pisi, and Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus. The results showed that the pool of intracellular H2O2 increased when pea roots were infected with bacteria regardless of type. The study analysed the concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a product of the adenosine triphosphate cyclization reaction catalyzed by transmembrane and soluble adenylate cyclases. The concentration of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate increased when infected with either Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae or Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. Sepedonicus; however, the concentration decreased by 20% when infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Pisi. The in vitro activity of soluble and transmembrane adenylate cyclases from pea root cells inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae was H2O2 dose-dependent: 100 nM of H2O2 reduced the activity of soluble and transmembrane adenylate cyclases slightly, while 26 µM inhibited their activity by 50–60%. When infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi, the reduction in the activity of soluble and transmembrane adenylate cyclases was independent of the concentrations of H2O2 in the range investigated. When infected with Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, 100 nM of H2O2 inhibited the activity of transmembrane adenylate cyclases, although enhancing the activity of soluble adenylate cyclases. On the contrary, concentrations of H2O2 of 2.6 and 26 µM increased the activity of transmembrane adenylate cyclases and inhibited the activity of soluble adenylate cyclases. It can be concluded that the specific concentration of second messengers in plant cells depends on the specificity of the biotic stressor and forms, inter alia, by their mutual influence on the components of other plant signaling systems.

Damage Signaling by Extracellular Nucleotides: A Role for Cyclic Nucleotides in Elevating Cytosolic Free Calcium?

“…It is therefore feasible that the receptors’ initial function is to relay by phosphorylation (which could activate plasma membrane Ca 2+ channels to increase [Ca 2+ ] cyt ), but increasing [Ca 2+ ] cyt switches the receptors’ mode to cyclic nucleotide production. A further layer of regulation could be effected by levels of H 2 O 2 , given the findings of Kuzakova et al (2020) of dose-dependent stimulation or inhibition of pea ( Pisum sativum ) AC activity. The finding here of putative extracellular AC sequences in DORN1/P2K1 begs several questions.…”