Regulation of the gut microbiota by diet and exercise: Improvements in cognition and emotion

Ge, Xing; Cheng, Lu; Liu, Yanan; Wu, Zufang; Zhang, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.fufo.2023.100256

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 79 publications

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“…However, different external and internal factors may affect GM composition and function [8]. Changes in health habits and dietary structure, exercise, and the use of antibiotics, as well as external microorganisms, affect intestinal flora [3,6,9,10]. More recently, exercise has emerged as an important factor in shaping GM composition in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Min,

Ablitip,

Wang

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background: The equilibrium between gut microbiota (GM) and the host plays a pivotal role in maintaining overall health, influencing various physiological and metabolic functions. Emerging research suggests that exercise modulates the abundance and functionality of gut bacteria, yet the comprehensive effects on GM diversity remain to be synthesized. Objectives and Design: The study aims to quantitatively examine the effect of exercise on the diversity of gut microbiota of adults using a systemic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: PubMed, Ebsco, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to September 2023. Exercise intervention studies with a control group that describe and compare the composition of GM in adults, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were included in this meta-analysis. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 1044 participants. Based on a fixed-effects model [Chi2 = 29.40, df = 20 (p = 0.08); I2 = 32%], the pooled analysis showed that compared with the control group, exercise intervention can significantly increase the alpha diversity of adult GM, using the Shannon index as an example [WMD = 0.05, 95% CI (0.00, 0.09); Z = 1.99 (p = 0.05)]. In addition, exercise interventions were found to significantly alter GM, notably decreasing Bacteroidetes and increasing Firmicutes, indicating a shift in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The subgroup analysis indicates that females and older adults appear to exhibit more significant changes in the Shannon Index and observed OTUs. Conclusions: Exercise may be a promising way to improve GM in adults. In particular, the Shannon index was significantly increased after exercise. Distinct responses in GM diversity to exercise interventions based on gender and age implicated that more research was needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Min,

Ablitip,

Wang

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Mind over Microbes: Investigating the Interplay between Lifestyle Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Health

Bali,

Lal,

Sivapuram

et al. 2024

Neuroepidemiology

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Background: The gut microbiota (GM) of the human body comprises several species of microorganisms. This microorganism plays a significant role in the physiological and pathophysiological processes of various human diseases. Methods: The literature review includes studies that describe causative factors that influence GM. The GM is sensitive to various factors like circadian rhythms, environmental agents, physical activity, nutrition, and hygiene that together impact the functioning and composition of the gut microbiome. This affects the health of the host, including the psycho-neural aspects, due to the interconnectivity between the brain and the gut. Hence, this paper examines the relationship of GM with neurodegenerative disorders in the context of these aforesaid factors. Conclusion: Future studies that identify the regulatory pathways associated with gut microbes can provide a causal link between brain degeneration and the gut at a molecular level. Together, this review could be helpful in designing preventive and treatment strategies aimed at GM, so that neurodegenerative diseases can be treated.

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Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A HEALM Approach

Jaqua,

Tran,

Alvarez

et al. 2024

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

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Dementia and cognitive decline pose significant global public health challenges, with prevalence expected to rise in the coming decades. Lifestyle medicine offers a promising approach to mitigating cognitive issues through six key interventions: diet, physical activity, restorative sleep, social connections, stress management, and avoiding risky substances. Traditional methods like randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have limitations in capturing the long-term impacts of these interventions. To overcome these challenges, the American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) and the True Health Initiative (THI) developed the Hierarchies of Evidence Applied to Lifestyle Medicine (HEALM) framework, informed by the Evidence Threshold Pathway Mapping (ETPM) approach. This framework integrates diverse evidence sources to assess intervention effects over time. Applying HEALM, this review evaluates lifestyle factors’ impact on dementia and cognitive decline. It finds strong evidence supporting plant-based nutrition, physical activity, restorative sleep, and avoiding risky substances in promoting cognitive health. Social connections may mitigate cognitive decline, while stress management requires further investigation due to inconclusive findings. Integrating these findings into public health strategies could effectively address the growing dementia burden and enhance overall well-being in aging populations, underscoring the need for continued research in cognitive health.

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Regulation of the gut microbiota by diet and exercise: Improvements in cognition and emotion

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effects of Exercise on Gut Microbiota of Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mind over Microbes: Investigating the Interplay between Lifestyle Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Brain Health

Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A HEALM Approach

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