Regulation of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin α- and β-Subunit Promoters by AP-2

Johnson, W. Bruce; Albanese, Chris; Handwerger, Stuart; Williams, Trevor; Pestell, Richard G.; Jameson, J. Larry

doi:10.1074/jbc.272.24.15405

Cited by 79 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As we demonstrated previously (11), the core element in C4 is similar to the TSE originally described in the ␣-hCG promoter that is recognized by putative TSEBP (12). The binding activity to TSE has been attributed to members of the AP2 family transcription factor (27), of which AP2␥ is the major AP-2 transcript in mouse placenta (34). TSE2, the second element we located in the placenta-specific enhancer of the aromatase gene, is not a known recognition sequence for transcription factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A GCM Motif Protein Is Involved in Placenta-specific Expression of Human Aromatase Gene

Yamada

Ogawa²,

Honda

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new cis-element, trophoblast-specific element 2 (TSE2) is located in the placenta-specific enhancer of the human aromatase gene that dictates its tissue-specific expression. In the minimum enhancer region, an element similar to the trophoblast-specific element (TSE), originally described for the human chorionic gonadotropin ␣-subunit gene, also exists (Yamada, K., Harada, N., Honda, S., and Takagi, Y. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 25064 -25069). The co-presence of TSE and TSE2 is required to direct trophoblast-specific expression driven by a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter. A 2562-base pair cDNA clone encoding a 436-amino acid protein that binds to TSE2 was isolated from a human placental cDNA library using a yeast one-hybrid system with the TSE2 as a reporter sequence. The protein was revealed to be identical to hGCMa, a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila GCM (glia cells missing) protein. Expression of hGCMa is restricted to the placenta. The protein also binds to PLE1 in the leptin promoter among other cis-elements reported to confer placenta-specific expression, suggesting that hGCMa is a placenta-specific transcription regulator, possibly involved in the expression of multiple placenta-specific genes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Recently, a binding protein to TSE in the ␣-hCG gene was identified as a transcription factor of the AP2 family (27). Binding activities to C2 and C4 were both competed by a consensus AP2 binding site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A GCM Motif Protein Is Involved in Placenta-specific Expression of Human Aromatase Gene

Yamada

Ogawa²,

Honda

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Johnson et al (1997) also showed that AP2 and SP1 cooperate to induce gene activation, a finding confirmed in our overexpression experiments. It appears that the model postulated by Johnson et al (1997) and LiCalsi et al (2000) for the activation of human CGB expression in general also holds true for the marmoset, albeit with some differences. First is the enhancer function of the SP1 site (K805/K796), which had been postulated (Johnson et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The presence of AP2 and SP1 binding sites within the placental core promoter correlates with previous human CGB studies that show the existence of two clusters of TFBS in the human CGB5 promoter (Bo & Boime 1992, Johnson et al 1997. Within these clusters, AP2 and SP1 were the most prominent factors (Steger et al 1993, LiCalsi et al 2000, Thackray et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Within these clusters, AP2 and SP1 were the most prominent factors (Steger et al 1993, LiCalsi et al 2000, Thackray et al 2010. Johnson et al (1997) also showed that AP2 and SP1 cooperate to induce gene activation, a finding confirmed in our overexpression experiments. It appears that the model postulated by Johnson et al (1997) and LiCalsi et al (2000) for the activation of human CGB expression in general also holds true for the marmoset, albeit with some differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A novel two-promoter-one-gene system of the chorionic gonadotropin β gene enables tissue-specific expression

Adams

Henke²,

Gromoll³

2011

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The New World monkey (NWM), Callithrix jacchus, a preferred model in medical research, displays an interesting endocrine regulation of reproduction: LH, the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, is functionally replaced by the chorionic gonadotropin (CG), a hormone indispensable for establishment of pregnancy in humans and normally expressed in the placenta. In the marmoset pituitary, the expression of the b-subunit (CGB) gene is regulated similar to human LH b-subunit, but its placental regulation is unknown. This study intended to decipher the underlying mechanism of tissue-specific expression of CGB in the marmoset placenta. We identified a new placental transcriptional start site, described a new, previously undiscovered exon, and define a novel placental core promoter in the marmoset CGB gene. This promoter contains a TATA box and binding sites for activating protein 2 and selective promoter factor 1, the latter acting synergistically by forming a regulation cassette. Differential first exon usage directed the tissue-specific expression. Methylation analyses revealed a tissue-specific pattern in the placental promoter indicating additional epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Our findings point toward a hitherto unknown evolutionary plasticity in the LH/CG hormonal system in NWM, which could be used as a model to study human CGB regulation in clinical pathologies.

show abstract

Involving AP‐2 transcription factor in connexin 26 up‐regulation during pregnancy and lactation

Pan

Gong

et al. 2001

Molecular Reproduction Devel

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gap junction connexin 26 (Cx26) is up-regulated in mammary epithelial cells during pregnancy and lactation. To understand the transcriptional regulation of Cx26, we identified a protected DNase I footprint region (-140 to -113) in the rat Cx26 promoter. This rCx26 Promoter Footprinting Region, or CPFR, contains an Sp binding site (CCGCCC) overlapping with an AP-2 binding site (GCCCGCGGC), and is evolutionarily conserved. Nuclear extracts from rat mammary glands and human MCF-10 mammary epithelial cells formed protein-DNA complexes with the labeled CPFR probe in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and these complexes were markedly enhanced during pregnancy and lactation. Antibody supershift analysis further identified the presence of Sp1, Sp3, and AP-2 in these binding complexes. Human mammary epithelial MCF-10A and MCF-12A cells were transiently transfected with chimeric mutant rCx26 promoter/luciferase reporter constructs, and luciferase activities measured. Mutations along the CPFR fragment drastically reduced the promoter activity, specially at the Sp/AP-2 overlapping site. Cotransfection of AP-2 with rCx26 promoter/reporter constructs into MCF-10 cells markedly induced the reporter activity. These data infer that AP-2, along with previously reported Sp transcription factors, is involved in the up-regulation of Cx26 gene during pregnancy and lactation.

show abstract

Regulation of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin α- and β-Subunit Promoters by AP-2

Cited by 79 publications

References 45 publications

A GCM Motif Protein Is Involved in Placenta-specific Expression of Human Aromatase Gene

A GCM Motif Protein Is Involved in Placenta-specific Expression of Human Aromatase Gene

A novel two-promoter-one-gene system of the chorionic gonadotropin β gene enables tissue-specific expression

Involving AP‐2 transcription factor in connexin 26 up‐regulation during pregnancy and lactation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About