Regulation of theBacillus subtilisHeat Shock GenehtpGIs under Positive Control

Versteeg, Saskia; Escher, Angelika; Wende, Andy; Wiegert, Thomas; Schumann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1128/jb.185.2.466-474.2003

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In any case, the dev promoter region is unusual for a bacterium. Only a few examples of promoter regions involving a downstream positive regulatory element have been described in M. xanthus (22,48) and other bacteria (47,(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial regulation of genes essential for Myxococcus xanthus development involves a response regulator and a LysR-type regulator

Viswanathan

Ueki

Inouye

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Myxococcus xanthus is a bacterium that undergoes multicellular development. C-signaling influences gene expression and movement of cells into aggregates. Expression of the dev operon, which includes genes essential for efficient sporulation, depends in part on C-signaling and reaches its highest level in cells within aggregates, ensuring that spores form within fruiting bodies. Here, an upstream DNA element was found to be essential for dev promoter activity and was bound by FruA, a response regulator in the C-signaling pathway. A second positive regulatory element, located Ϸ350 bp downstream of the dev transcriptional start site, was bound by LadA, a newly identified transcription factor in the LysR family. Typically, LysR-type transcription factors bind upstream of the promoter and activate transcription in response to a coinducer. LadA appears to activate transcription from an unusual location for a LysR family member and likely subjects dev transcription to a different cue than does FruA. A ladA mutant exhibited similar developmental defects as dev mutants, suggesting that LadA may be devoted to dev regulation, unlike FruA, which regulates many developmental genes. FruA and LadA act on a regulatory region spanning >400 bp to bring about proper temporal and spatial expression of the dev operon, resembling the regulation of developmental genes in multicellular eukaryotes.C-signaling ͉ CRISPR ͉ dev operon ͉ FruA ͉ sporulation H ow multicellular organisms achieve proper temporal and spatial expression of genes during development is a fundamental question. In eukaryotes, the regulatory regions of developmental genes are typically large, containing enhancers that integrate signaling information via binding of multiple transcription factors (1). M. xanthus provides an excellent experimental system to investigate gene regulation during a simple multicellular developmental process (2). Starvation initiates cell movement to aggregation foci. C-signaling is necessary to complete aggregation (3) and changes the frequency with which cells reverse their gliding movement (4). C-signaling also influences the expression of genes induced after the early aggregation phase (5). Cell contact is required for C-signaling (6), which is mediated by the cell-surface-associated CsgA protein (7-9). About 10 5 cells aggregate to form a mound in which cells make many contacts (10). This is thought to permit efficient C-signaling in the nascent fruiting body, inducing late genes and differentiation of rod-shaped cells into spherical, dormant spores (11, 12).To achieve proper temporal and spatial gene expression during development, M. xanthus employs eukaryotic-like signal transduction proteins and transcription factors (13,14). Are the regulatory regions of M. xanthus developmental genes also eukaryotic-like (i.e., large and complex)? Several have been described, ranging from Ͻ100 bp to Ͼ1 kb in size (11,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), and in some cases, a single transcription factor has been shown to bind to the regulatory region (23-2...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial regulation of genes essential for Myxococcus xanthus development involves a response regulator and a LysR-type regulator

Viswanathan

Ueki

Inouye

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Class IV constitutes heat shock genes with unknown regulators. Genes in this class include htpG of Bacillus subtilis [154].…”

Section: Regulation Of Genes Associated With Heat Shock Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Life Under Stress: The Probiotic Stress Response and How it may be Manipulated

Corcoran

Stanton²,

Fitzgerald³

et al. 2008

CPD

166

115

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The continuing expansion of interest in probiotic bacteria has led to an increase in manufactured Functional Foods and medicines containing these bacteria. Given the intestinal origin of these microorganisms, the challenges these sensitive bacteria face in order to be in a highly viable state throughout processing, storage and gastrointestinal transit to the site of action in the human gut are enormous. These bacteria encounter stresses including temperature, acid, bile, exposure and osmotic and oxidative stress in both product matrices and during gastrointestinal transit. However, like all bacteria, probiotic bacteria retain a broad arsenal of molecular mechanisms to combat the often lethal environmental stresses encountered during processing and following ingestion. A comprehensive appreciation of these mechanisms should inevitably lead to the design and manufacture of probiotic cultures, which retain greater viability through to the target site in the intestine. This review attempts to catalogue the cellular processes available to probiotic bacteria to facilitate survival in stressful conditions, and to speculate on how manipulation of these cellular systems can lead to production of designer strains with enhanced viability in food systems and efficacy following ingestion.

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“…This gene is under the positive control of an unidentified transcriptional activator. Little is known about the role of HtpG (Hsp90) in bacteria, but its homologs in yeast, and more complex eukarya, have chaperone-like activities [Versteeg et al, 2003]. The class V heat shock genes of B. subtilis comprise the CssRS twocomponent system and the two putative membranebound proteases HtrA and HtrB (YvtA).…”

Section: Global Transcriptional Analysis Of Bacillus Licheniformis Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Transcriptional Analysis of Bacillus licheniformis Reveals an Overlap between Heat Shock and Iron Limitation Stimulon

Nielsen

Breüner²,

Krzystanek³

et al. 2010

Microb Physiol

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In this study, we characterized the heat shock stimulon of the important industrial microorganism Bacillus licheniformis using DNA microarrays. While sharing a high degree of homology with the closely related model organism Bacillus subtilis, the heat shock stimulon of B. licheniformis exhibited several novel and unexpected features. Most notably, heat shock in B. licheniformis resulted in decreased amounts of mRNA from the ytrABCEF operon, encoding a putative acetoin uptake system, and stimulated the transcription of purine biosynthesis and iron uptake genes. Unexpectedly, deletion of the ytrEF genes did not affect acetoin uptake, but increased heat sensitivity. To investigate the connection between heat stress and iron uptake further, we analyzed the iron limitation response of B. licheniformis by DNA microarrays and concluded that the response mostly involves the genes related to iron uptake and metabolism, while the only heat shock gene affected by iron limitation was clpE. We also attempted to delete the fur gene (encoding the ferric uptake repressor), but unexpectedly found it to be essential in B. licheniformis. Using the fluorescent protein-encoding reporter gene under control of the dhb promoter, which responded to both heat shock and iron-starvation, we confirmed the overlap between these responses.

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Regulation of theBacillus subtilisHeat Shock GenehtpGIs under Positive Control

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Combinatorial regulation of genes essential for Myxococcus xanthus development involves a response regulator and a LysR-type regulator

Combinatorial regulation of genes essential for Myxococcus xanthus development involves a response regulator and a LysR-type regulator

Life Under Stress: The Probiotic Stress Response and How it may be Manipulated

Global Transcriptional Analysis of <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> Reveals an Overlap between Heat Shock and Iron Limitation Stimulon

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