Regulation of the Low Affinity IgE Fc Receptor (CD23) in Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Alterations in the production of CD23, the IgE Fc receptor, may play a role in the etiology of atopic dermatitis and other allergic conditions. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interferon-α (IFN-α) are involved in coordinate regulation of CD23. IL-4 stimulates production of both CD23 and IgE. IFN-γ also stimulates production of CD23, but suppresses production of IgE and inhibits IL-4-mediated production of CD23. IFN-α also suppresses these IL-4-mediated activities and, in addition, suppresses IFN-γ-mediated stimulation of CD23 production. Changes in this coordinate regulation may be involved in the development of atopic dermatitis. Expression of CD23 by Langerhans cells is stimulated by IL-4 and IFN-γ. Further, levels of CD23-positive T cells are elevated in atopic dermatitis subjects as compared to non-atopic controls, and observed skin changes appear to be related to changes in CD23-positive mononuclear cell populations. Coordinate regulation of CD23 by IFN-γ and IL-4 may also be important in other allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and a variety of disease states.

The development of atopic dermatitis is independent of Immunoglobulin E up‐regulation in the K14‐IL‐4 SKH1 transgenic mouse model

“…(3) Immunopathologically, we demonstrated the prominent epidermal and dermal infiltrations of T cells, both CD4 + and CD8 + subsets, findings that are commonly seen in the lesions of human AD [33]. (4) Immunologically, the inflammatory skin lesions contained an inflammatory environment with highly up‐regulated Th2‐type (IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10), Th1‐type (IL‐12, INF‐γ), and non‐Th pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β), which are consistent with the enhanced cytokine expression profiles that occur in chronic skin lesions of human AD [34–36]. (5) Cellular immunology illustrated increased T cell proliferation in the mice with inflammatory skin lesions, in response to activation stimuli, consistent with the findings in the studies of human AD [37–39].…”

Function and regulation of FcepsilonRI expression on monocytes from non-atopic donors

“…Interteukin-4 (IL-4) has been shown to be one of the major cytokines upregulated in allergic disease [23,24]. It has been reported to induce CD23 expression on many cell types including B cells [25], monocytes [26.27] and Langerhans cells [28], a cell population, which also was reported to carry FceRI [11,12].…”

Expression of the High-affinity Receptor for IgE on Bronchial Epithelial Cells of Asthmatics

“…A second receptor for IgE, Fc RII, has a lower affinity for IgE (10 Ϫ 6 to 10 Ϫ 7 M) and is expressed on many cells, including the ciliated epithelial cells of some asthmatic subjects (11), B and T lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages, platelets, possibly eosinophils, and epidermal Langerhans cells (for review see ref. 12).…”