“…A large amount of functional nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanomaterials, chitosan [ 16 ], metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], micelles [ 21 , 22 ], vesicles [ 23 ], magnetic nanoparticles [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], silica nanoparticles [ 28 , 29 ] and so forth, have been well developed to capture Pb(II) and other heavy metal ions from water. Recently, polymer self-assembly has been rapidly developed as a powerful tool to prepare functional nanomaterials [ 4 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. For instance, our group presented a multifunctional homopolymer vesicle self-assembled from a scalable homopolymer, poly(amic acid) (PAA), to effectively remove four kinds of heavy metal ion (Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ ) from wastewater [ 33 ].…”