Regulation of Transcription of themph(A) Gene for Macrolide 2′-Phosphotransferase I inEscherichia coli: Characterization of the Regulatory GenemphR(A)

Noguchi, Norihisa; Takada, Katsutoshi; Katayama, Jin; Emura, Ayako; Sasatsu, Masanori

doi:10.1128/jb.182.18.5052-5058.2000

Cited by 75 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…KijR regulates the expression of kijX, which encodes a novel antibiotic deglycosylase, and shares similarity with kijA8 in the kijanimicin biosynthesis cluster (see below) (25). MphR regulates expression of mphA, encoding a macrolide phosphotransferase, and mrx, encoding a membrane protein required for high-level resistance (101,102). Another, unnamed TFR is found upstream of genes encoding a macrolide phosphotransferase (mphB) and a putative methyl esterase (rdmC-like) required for high-level macrolide resistance in some strains of E. coli as well as Streptococcus uberis (103).…”

Section: Tfrs Regulating Specific Antibiotic Resistance In Nonproducimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The TetR Family of Regulators

Cuthbertson

Nodwell

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

480

512

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SUMMARY The most common prokaryotic signal transduction mechanisms are the one-component systems in which a single polypeptide contains both a sensory domain and a DNA-binding domain. Among the >20 classes of one-component systems, the TetR family of regulators (TFRs) are widely associated with antibiotic resistance and the regulation of genes encoding small-molecule exporters. However, TFRs play a much broader role, controlling genes involved in metabolism, antibiotic production, quorum sensing, and many other aspects of prokaryotic physiology. There are several well-established model systems for understanding these important proteins, and structural studies have begun to unveil the mechanisms by which they bind DNA and recognize small-molecule ligands. The sequences for more than 200,000 TFRs are available in the public databases, and genomics studies are identifying their target genes. Three-dimensional structures have been solved for close to 200 TFRs. Comparison of these structures reveals a common overall architecture of nine conserved α helices. The most important open question concerning TFR biology is the nature and diversity of their ligands and how these relate to the biochemical processes under their control.

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Section: Tfrs Regulating Specific Antibiotic Resistance In Nonproducimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KijR and MphR regulate enzymes involved in antibiotic inactivation (25,101). KijR regulates the expression of kijX, which encodes a novel antibiotic deglycosylase, and shares similarity with kijA8 in the kijanimicin biosynthesis cluster (see below) (25).…”

Section: Tfrs Regulating Specific Antibiotic Resistance In Nonproducimentioning

confidence: 99%

The TetR Family of Regulators

Cuthbertson

Nodwell

2013

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

480

512

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“…Northern blotting and probe labeling were performed as described previously. 10) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 2 summarizes the frequencies of generation of mutants by selection with various antimicrobial agents. The frequency of generation of mutant by selection with AF and AN, the two dyes, was clearly higher than that by selection with the antiseptics and FQs.…”

Section: Northern Blotting and Primer Extension Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8) DNA Manipulation and Sequencing All DNA manipulations were performed as described previously. 8,10) Table 1 shows the nucleotide sequences of the primers used to amplify the norA gene and the quinolone-resistance-determing regions (QRDRs) of the grlA and gyrA genes. The frequency of generation of multidrug-resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus was examined by selection with various antiseptics and fluoroquinolones and the mutated genes were characterized.…”

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confidence: 99%

Frequency and Genetic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus after Selection with Individual Antiseptics and Fluoroquinolones.

Noguchi

Tamura

Narui

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…The whole cell lysates and Congo red-induced supernatants of S. flexneri were prepared as described by Tamano et al 20,29) Intracellular proteins and effector were analyzed using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 20,30) The fragment corresponding to the effector was analyzed using Scion Image Beta 4.0.3.…”

Section: Bacterial Strains and Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-infectious Effect of S-Benzylisothiourea Compound A22, Which Inhibits the Actin-Like Protein, MreB, in Shigella flexneri

Noguchi

Yanagimoto

Nakaminami

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Various antibacterial agents have been developed and used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. These drugs show antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth or directly killing bacteria. This antibacterial activity induces the microbial substitution and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.1) Therefore, improper use of antibacterial agents selects for drug-resistant bacteria and increases their prevalence. To prevent this problem, it is necessary to develop therapeutic agents that are fundamentally different from current antibacterial agents.2) It is possible that prevention or blockage of bacterial infections could be achieved by interfering with the adherence and/or the invasion of bacteria in host cells. The type III secretion apparatus, one of the virulence factors in bacteria, is necessary for the invasion of pathogenic bacteria into host cells. [3][4][5] Preventing the function of the type III secretion apparatus can attenuate the infectious capacity of pathogenic bacteria, including Yersinia 6) and Chlamydia, 7) without actually killing of the bacteria. Therefore, the type III apparatus has been considered a candidate target site for the development of new antibacterial agents. 8,9) Actin-like protein, MreB, which serves a cytoskeletal function, is necessary for maintenance of the rod-shape of bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. [10][11][12] Furthermore, MreB is associated with chromosome segregation and protein localization to the cell poles.13-15) S-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)isothiourea (A22), which was discovered as an inhibitor of replication in E. coli, inhibits the function of MreB by binding to MreB and transforming rod-shaped bacterial cells into coccoid forms. 13,16) A22 has a bacteriostatic effect on certain Gram-negative bacilli, including E. coli. 16)Shigella spp., which are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, are some of the causative agents of bacillary dysentery. 17)Via oral ingestion, Shigella reaches the colon and invades the intestinal epithelial cells, causing destruction of the epithelial layer. The type III secretion system is necessary for the invasion of Shigella into epithelial cells and it delivers effectors directly into host cells. 17,18) The secreted effectors identified in S. flexneri are virulence factors for host cells and various type III effectors, including IpaA, IpaB, IpaC, IpaD, IpgD, and VirA. [18][19][20] Type III secretion systems are not found in non-pathogens. Furthermore, in addition to the type III secretion system, the rod-shape of Shigella seems likely to be necessary for the invasion of host cells because the shape of the cells is linked to the polar localization of certain proteins, including IcsA. 15,21) In this study, the antibacterial activity of A22 was determined, in addition to its coccoid form-inducing effects. Furthermore, the infectious capacity and effector secretion of A22-induced coccoid Shigella cells were examined. We suggest the utility of A22 as a lead compound for generating new anti-infectious drugs an...

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Regulation of Transcription of themph(A) Gene for Macrolide 2′-Phosphotransferase I inEscherichia coli: Characterization of the Regulatory GenemphR(A)

Cited by 75 publications

References 31 publications

The TetR Family of Regulators

The TetR Family of Regulators

Frequency and Genetic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Mutants of Staphylococcus aureus after Selection with Individual Antiseptics and Fluoroquinolones.

Anti-infectious Effect of S-Benzylisothiourea Compound A22, Which Inhibits the Actin-Like Protein, MreB, in Shigella flexneri

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