“…In addition, its magnitude of induction depends on temperature as well as duration of the induced hyperthermia (11,12). Similar promoter characteristics were reported in vivo in a number of organs, such as skin (12), muscle (13), prostate (14), and liver (15), that were genetically modified using either a virus or a plasmid to express a reporter gene under the control of the HSP promoter. Noninvasive in vivo local heating, and thus local activation of gene expression, could be achieved with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) (15)(16)(17), but a subtle compromise has to be found in the heating strategy, because excessive tissue heating can induce tissue damage and necrosis.…”