Regulative development of Xenopus laevis in microgravity

Black, Steven D.; Larkin, Kay; Jacqmotte, N; Wassersug, Richard J.; Pronych, Scott; Souza, K. A.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(95)00637-t

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This result supports previous ones for fish in which gravity was shown not to be necessary for the dorsal/ventral axis orientation or subsequent development (Wacker et al 1993;Ijiri 1995Ijiri , 1997. It also agrees with previous studies in anurans (Black et al 1996;Souza et al 1995;Ubbels et al 1989Ubbels et al , 1994, in which sperm impact induces bilateral symmetry. However, this phenomenon cannot be involved in Pleurodeles, where fertilization is polyspermic.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The present ontogenetic study in microgravity extends the results obtained with the anuran Xenopus (Ubbels et al 1989(Ubbels et al , 1994Souza et al 1995;Black et al, 1996) and the fish Medaka (Ijiri 1995(Ijiri , 1997. In Pleurodeles, the observed abnormalities, cortical cytoplasm movements, decrease of cell adhesion and loss of cells, probably concern the cell membrane, as suggested by the results of Schatz et al (1990), Claassen et al (1996) and Aimar et al (2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In contrast, the blastocoel roof of µG-embryos remained thick, like at late the blastula stage. The thickness of the µG-embryo roof was related to a reduction of adhesion between ectodermal cells and not to an increase of the number of cell layers, as observed by Ubbels et al (1994) for µG-embryos of Xenopus laevis or with cell proliferation as proposed by Black et al (1996). However, the data of Neff et al (1993) who used a clinostat suggested that the thickening of the blastocoel roof of Xenopus embryos was due to a change in the latitude of the third cleavage plane rather than a modification of cell proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Effects of space environment on embryonic growth up to hatching of salamander eggs fertilized and developed during orbital flights.

et al. 2002

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In vertebrates, only few experiments have been performed in microgravity to study the embryonic development from fertilization. To date, these concern only amphibian and fish. We report here a study on the embryonic development of Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian) eggs oviposited in microgravity. The experiment was performed twice on board the Mir space station and the data obtained included video recording and morphological, histological and immunocytological analyses. The data confirm that the microgravity conditions have effects during the embryonic period, particularly during cleavage and neurulation, inducing irregular segmentation and abnormal closure of the neural tube. Moreover, we observed several abnormalities hither to undescribed corresponding to cortical cytoplasm movements, a decrease of cell adhesion and a loss of cells. These abnormalities were temporary and subsequently reversible. The young larvae that hatched during the flight displayed normal morphology and swimming behavior after landing. The results obtained in the urodele Pleurodeles waltl are in accordance with those observed earlier in the anuran Xenopus laevis and in the fish Oryzias latipes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Effects of space environment on embryonic growth up to hatching of salamander eggs fertilized and developed during orbital flights.

et al. 2002

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“…It was reported that the eggs of Xenopus laevis fertilized on the orbiting Space Shuttle were able to produce nearly normal larvae, even though manifesting some abnormalities in early embryogenesis [7]. Whereas, it has also been reported that the localized Hermes regulated the cleavage of specific vegetally derived cell lineages in Xenopus laevis [8].…”

Section: Nutrient Gradient As Generally Formed To Partially Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Both Cell State and Gene Expression with Nutrient Gradient as Conserved Mechanism Differentiating the Cell Fates for Embryonic Gastrulation: A Theory

Cai¹

2016

OALib

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In this article, it is newly suggested the regulation from nutrient gradient on both cell metabolic state and expressional gene classes as the conserved mechanism differentiating the cell fates for formation of the three germ layers of gastrula in animals. As a new theory, it is supported by the totipotency and pluripotency of early embryonic cells and cultured stem cells to be regulated by nutrients, as well as by the universal formation of nutrient gradient during gastrulation in various animals. Besides, it is also supported by the subsequent phenotypic fates of three germ layers of gastrula, with the endoderm manifesting expression of gene classes in nutritious condition and giving rise to the epithelium of digestive and respiratory system; the ectoderm manifesting expression of gene classes with nutrient dependence and environmental effect, and giving rise to the nervous and epithelial tissues; the mesoderm lying between them and giving rise to the muscle and adipose. Likewise, it is directly supported by the different nutrient effects onto such trilaminar differentiation in various cultured stem cells. Finally, it is in further supported by the evolutionary effects of nutrients in preserving the trilaminar fates in gastrula versus relative permitting the variations in anteroposterior determination. Conclusively, it is identified the nutrient gradient as an important mechanism to partially differentiate the cell fates for embryonic gastrulation.

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“…In amphibians, an interesting observation is that when a fertilized egg is inverted before the first cell division, the embryo either develops with the pigmentation of dorsal and ventral skin reversed, or it does not develop past gastrulation at all Malacinski, 1982, 1983;Wakahara et al, 1984;Neff et al, 1984). This has led to a series of experiments on this zygote being undertaken in the microgravity of space, whereon the embryos produced normal larvae (Neff et al, 1986;Black, 1996). Moreover, there is abundant experimental evidence that links the alignment of cortical microtubules-those just below the cell membrane-with the spontaneous cortical rotation that happens before the first cell division (Elinson and Rowning, 1988;Gerhart et al, 1989).…”

Section: Fluid Flow In the Development Of The Body Planmentioning

confidence: 99%