Regulators of Gut Motility Revealed by a Gnotobiotic Model of Diet-Microbiome Interactions Related to Travel

Dey, Neelendu; Wagner, Vitas E.; Blanton, Laura V.; Fontana, Luigi; Haque, Rashidul; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Gordon, Jeffrey I.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.052

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…A recent study correlated aspects of diet to microbiota composition and gut motility. The study linked elevated BSH activity with faster gastrointestinal transit and suggested a role for specific bacterial populations in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility [48] .…”

Section: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 96%

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

Joyce

Gahan²

2017

Dig Dis

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The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a central role in the host metabolism of bile acids through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions, which generate unconjugated free bile acids and secondary bile acids respectively. These microbially generated bile acids are particularly potent signalling molecules that interact with host bile acid receptors (including the farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor and TGR5 receptor) to trigger cellular responses that play essential roles in host lipid metabolism, electrolyte transport and immune regulation. Perturbations of microbial populations in the gut can therefore profoundly alter bile acid profiles in the host to impact upon the digestive and signalling properties of bile acids in the human superorganism. A number of recent studies have clearly demonstrated the occurrence of microbial disturbances allied to alterations in host bile acid profiles that occur across a range of disease states. Intestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), short bowel syndrome and Clostridium difficile infection all exhibit concurrent alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and changes to host bile acid profiles. Similarly, extraintestinal diseases and syndromes such as asthma and obesity may be linked to aberrant bile acid profiles in the host. Here, we focus upon recent studies that highlight the links between alterations to gut microbial communities and altered bile acid profiles across a range of diseases from asthma to IBD.

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Section: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 96%

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

Joyce

Gahan²

2017

Dig Dis

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“…Notably, intestinal microbiota also play an important role in the synthesis of several vitamins (B-vitamins, vitamin K, vitamin A) [236, 237], and can affect the absorption of essential minerals such as iron, (Kau A 2011) magnesium and calcium in the host [238]. Literature supports dietary intervention as a means of promoting beneficial host-bacteria interactions [59, 216, 239], with new evidence revealing how single food ingredients (e.g., turmeric) can interact with functional traits of intestinal microbiota to regulate host physiology [240]. However, the potential interactions between dietary compounds and host-specific microbial communities have not been investigated in most human diet intervention studies performed to date.…”

Section: Dietetic Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Strategies for Therapeutic Gut Microbiota Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Next-Generation Approaches

Basson

Lam

Cominelli

2017

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

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SUMMARY The human gastrointestinal tract is resident to a vastly diverse microbial consortium that co-exists through strict rules of invasion, dominance, resilience and succession. While some members possess stronger capabilities for survival than others, each one retains a genome characteristic of their bacterial denomination which subsequently determines survival and ultimately the composition of a human gut microbiome. Collective evidence advocates the concept of gut microbiota modulation via dietary compounds, with or without nutraceutical supplementation. However, consistent reports of strong individuality in responsiveness suggest that initial composition of host microbiota mediates the effect of nutrition modulation. There is also a strong potential for the interaction between mind and microbe to influence responsiveness, although mechanistic understanding of these complex exchanges remains in its infancy at best. Synthetic stool for FMT is a next-generation microbiome-therapy shown effective in treating C.difficile [417] which could provide a feasible alternative to current methods for patients with IBD. Nevertheless, studies investigating optimum timing for FMT administration are essential. Animal and human studies are only starting to highlight the Pandora of interactions that endure between members of gut microbiome, their associated metabolites, dietary compounds, as well as host neurological and immune systems, all of which characteristic to each individual. Advanced research technologies have excelled the scientific evidence in support of CAM and toward generating NG-CAM systems designed for treatment of specific disease states, such as IBD. While the majority of envisioned NG-CAM strategies presently exist in their experimental and discovery phases, many show promise for future clinical application.

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“…47 Each humanized mouse model was challenged successively with diets simulating those of the six ethnicities, and gastrointestinal transit times were approximated as the elapsed time between a bolus gavage of carmine red dye and the initial appearance of dye in the stool. The authors report that turmeric, a staple in the traditional Bangladeshi diet, can alter microbiome composition and function as well as intestinal motility.…”

Section: Dietary Factors That Alter the Gut Microbiome In Undernutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dey et al reported that turmeric slows gastrointestinal transit in gnotobiotic mice by increasing concentrations of conjugated bile acids taurohyodeoxycholic acid and tauro-muricholic acid sulfate; transit time was normal if the recipient microbiome was enriched in the BSHs that deconjugate these bile acids. 47 Furthermore, intestinal expression of cloned BSH alters bile acid concentrations in plasma, liver, and stool, influences transcription of host genes involved in lipid metabolism, and decreases serum cholesterol, liver triglycerides, and weight gain. 88 Gut microbiota can impact expression of genes related to bile acid transport and metabolism in the ileum and bile acid synthesis in the liver by reducing concentrations of taurine-conjugated b-muricholic acid, a nuclear farnesoid X receptor antagonist.…”

Section: Dysbiosis Can Impact Dietary Energy Harvest De Novo Micronumentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of cross-talk between the diet, the intestinal microbiome, and the undernourished host

2016

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Undernutrition remains one of the most pressing global health challenges today, contributing to nearly half of all deaths in children under five years of age. Although insufficient dietary intake and environmental enteric dysfunction are often inciting factors, evidence now suggests that unhealthy gut microbial populations perpetuate the vicious cycle of pathophysiology that results in persistent growth impairment in children. The metagenomics era has facilitated new research identifying an altered microbiome in undernourished hosts and has provided insight into a number of mechanisms by which these alterations may affect growth. This article summarizes a range of observational studies that highlight differences in the composition and function of gut microbiota between undernourished and healthy children; discusses dietary, environmental and host factors that shape this altered microbiome; examines the consequences of these changes on host physiology; and considers opportunities for microbiome-targeting therapies to combat the global challenge of child undernutrition.

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Regulators of Gut Motility Revealed by a Gnotobiotic Model of Diet-Microbiome Interactions Related to Travel

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

Disease-Associated Changes in Bile Acid Profiles and Links to Altered Gut Microbiota

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Strategies for Therapeutic Gut Microbiota Modulation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Next-Generation Approaches

Mechanisms of cross-talk between the diet, the intestinal microbiome, and the undernourished host

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