Regulatory Effects of Thai Rice By-Product Extracts from Oryza sativa L. cv. Bue Bang 3 CMU and Bue Bang 4 CMU on Melanin Production, Nitric Oxide Secretion, and Steroid 5α-Reductase Inhibition

Abstract

Alopecia and gray hair are common hair abnormalities affecting physical appearance and causing psychological problems. Chemical treatments partially restore hair disorders but have distressing side effects. Bioactive plant compounds constitute promising sources of potential medicinal substances instead of chemical agents, producing high side effects. In this study, we focused on the waste of local rice cultivars: Bue Bang 3 CMU (BB3CMU) and Bue Bang 4 CMU (BB4CMU) from the north of Thailand. The rice bran oil (RBO), defatted rice bran extract (DFRB), and rice husk (H) were determined for in vitro hair revitalization in melanin production, nitric oxide (NO) secretion, and steroid 5α-reductase inhibition. The results indicated that BB4CMU-RBO with high contents of iron, zinc, and free fatty acids showed a comparable induction of melanin production on melanocytes (130.18 ± 9.13% of control) to the standard drug theophylline with no significant difference (p > 0.05). This promising melanin induction could be related to activating the NO secretion pathway, with the NO secretion level at 1.43 ± 0.05 µM. In addition, BB4CMU-RBO illustrated a significant inhibitory effect on both steroid 5α-reductase genes (SRD5A) type 1 and type 2, which relates to its primary source of tocopherols. Hence, rice bran oil from the Thai rice variety BB4CMU could be applied as a promising hair revitalizing candidate, from natural resources, to help promote hair growth and re-pigmentation effects.

Approaches to Control and Monitor Protease Levels in Chronic Wounds

“…[208] In Ruksiriwanich and colleagues' study, H 2 O 2 stimulated the MMP-2 production by fibroblasts, as was evident from the higher MMP-2 activity of the culture medium in this group compared to the control that was not stimulated with H 2 O 2 . [209] It seems that the presence of Datura metel L. leaf extracts in the culture medium led to a significantly lower MMP-2 activity. It is unclear whether the extracts demonstrated this effect by directly affecting the cells or through scavenging the H 2 O 2 and, as a result, alleviating its impact on cells.…”

Hair Growth Promotion and Anti-Hair Loss Effects of By-Products Arabica Coffee Pulp Extracts Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

“…The 5α-reductase enzymes convert testosterone into DHT, a more potent androgen. The overproduction of DHT may shorten the anagen phase in the hair cycle, resulting in the shrinkage of the hair follicle and eventually hair loss [48]. The 5α-reductase isoenzymes are now the main targets for hair loss treatment [49].…”