Regulatory framework in the European Union governing the use of basic substances in conventional and organic production

Costantini, E.; Torre, A. La

doi:10.1007/s41348-022-00569-9

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Good Agricultural Practices or GAP Table are constituted with all necessary information for the producers in order to use any active substances in field or greenhouses with maximum efficacy and minimum risk for operators and environment (Costantini and La Torre, 2022). This usage is already included in current approved GAP Table for the corresponding basic substance (Table 4).…”

Section: Gap Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whey and Cow Milk: Dairy Products Useful for Crop Protection

Gonson,

Taylor,

Marchand

2024

IJBSM

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The study was conducted during spring and summer 2022 at Mare Savin garden centre (Trappes, France) to confirm plant protection properties of some dairy products. Indeed, for crop protection, the search for new non-chemical fungicides useful, durable, affordable and efficient as active substances (a.s.). These suitable products, especially from natural origin called BioControl Agents (BCA) are acceptable to civil society (i.e., low-concern profile, and absence of residues of concern) are of paramount importance as the number of chemical solutions has drastically decreased in recent years. When natural substances from the plant origin are plethoric in literature and some are approved as Plant Protection Product (PPP), natural substances from the animal origin repertoire are sparsely represented in PPP a.s., but lately a few substances have obtained a European Union (EU) active substance approval (i.e. sheep fat, blood meal, fish oil, chitosan hydrochloride from crab shell). Dairy products may also exhibit crop protection properties like whey and cow milk are two of these new BCAs. The corresponding applications under EU PPP regulation (EC) n° 1107/2009 were granted as basic substance according Article 23, respectively in 2016 for whey and 2020 for cow milk for protection of vegetable against mildew and agricultural tools disinfection. These basic substances are approved for an unlimited period of time with no Market Authorisation, for all Europe without zone or Member State consideration, and with no Maximum Residue Limits (MRL). Later, an extension of use for vineyards protection against diseases was granted for whey in 2021.

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Section: Gap Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whey and Cow Milk: Dairy Products Useful for Crop Protection

Gonson,

Taylor,

Marchand

2024

IJBSM

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“…It is also possible to consider some minerals, even though the commission's stance on this is not entirely clear, especially regarding natural substances of mineral origin that act as physical barriers. The recent proposal of chabazite as a basic substance was voluntarily withdrawn after it was determined that it was not covered with the plant protection product regulations, even though kaolin, quartz sand, and especially talc, a basic substance authorized for organic farming [198], have been approved for this same plant protection product regulation [197]. Other minerals, such as acetate salts, could be effective against the black rot of grapevines (caused by the ascomycete Phyllosticta ampelicida), a resurgent disease since the reduction in the authorized quantities of copper in organic farming, the global decline in chemical pesticides [199], and the general reduction in treatments on vines resistant to fungal diseases (powdery and downy mildews).…”

Section: Potential Basic Substances: Approval Procedures and Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Basic Substances a Key to Sustainable Pest and Disease Management in Agriculture? An Open Field Perspective

Toffolatti,

Davillerd,

D’Isita

et al. 2023

Plants

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Pathogens and pests constantly challenge food security and safety worldwide. The use of plant protection products to manage them raises concerns related to human health, the environment, and economic costs. Basic substances are active, non-toxic compounds that are not predominantly used as plant protection products but hold potential in crop protection. Basic substances’ attention is rising due to their safety and cost-effectiveness. However, data on their protection levels in crop protection strategies are lacking. In this review, we critically analyzed the literature concerning the field application of known and potential basic substances for managing diseases and pests, investigating their efficacy and potential integration into plant protection programs. Case studies related to grapevine, potato, and fruit protection from pre- and post-harvest diseases and pests were considered. In specific cases, basic substances and chitosan in particular, could complement or even substitute plant protection products, either chemicals or biologicals, but their efficacy varied greatly according to various factors, including the origin of the substance, the crop, the pathogen or pest, and the timing and method of application. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the field application is needed to promote the successful use of basic substances in sustainable pest management strategies in specific contexts.

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“…The guidance from the EC mentions that "it is recognized that the producer of such product may choose not to add such reference to the label", for instance when the producer is the applicant for the approval as a basic substance. In relation to this limitation concerning marketing as a plant protection product, there is also no record kept of the quantities of basic substances used as active substance in agriculture (Costantini and La Torre 2022).…”

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also recommend that farmers and technicians be trained for the use of these products. Basic substances should be used in accordance with the specific conditions included in the conclusions of their respective reports (Costantini and La Torre 2022). Finally, as marketing is not possible, the guidance for basic substances underlines that "the Commission as well as Member States will have to put measures into place to inform the public of basic substance approvals and their respective conditions.…”

Section: Basic Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview state of the art knowledge and regulations for pesticides with a lower risk profile

Arts,

Thouément

2023

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Including more low-risk pesticides of biological origin as alternatives to chemical pesticides in agriculture is considered an important way forward to reach the Farm to Fork strategy targets. Low-risk pesticides, as defined by the current European Union (EU) plant protection Commission Regulation EC No 1107/2009, include pesticides of biological origin, but not all biological pesticides meet the low-risk profile requirements.In order to be granted low-risk status they must meet low-risk criteria defined by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. However, risk assessment procedures are designed for synthetic products with an expected high risk, which complicates the approval of products with an expected or known lower risk. Important steps forward have been taken in the past years, for example the acceptance of uniform principles and data requirements that facilitate the approval of microbial pesticides (Regulation [EC] No 1107/2009).Nonetheless, for other low-risk pesticides of biological origin, specific requirements are lacking. Biopesticides are still slow in obtaining approval, which hinders the replacement of toxic synthetic chemicals. This limits the choices for farmers and encourages derogations for toxic synthetic compounds. This paper summarises the bottlenecks encountered when performing a risk assessment for the authorization of biological pesticides and low-risk pesticides. It also lists recommendations on how to foster the use of pesticides with a lower environmental impact and potential next steps in the research agenda.

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Regulatory framework in the European Union governing the use of basic substances in conventional and organic production

Cited by 11 publications

References 130 publications

Whey and Cow Milk: Dairy Products Useful for Crop Protection

Whey and Cow Milk: Dairy Products Useful for Crop Protection

Are Basic Substances a Key to Sustainable Pest and Disease Management in Agriculture? An Open Field Perspective

Overview state of the art knowledge and regulations for pesticides with a lower risk profile

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