Regulatory Implications of Contaminants Associated with Sediments

Chapman, G. A.; Adams, WJ; Lee, H.; Lyman, Warren J.; Pavlou, S.P.; Wilhelm, R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-034866-7.50033-3

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Possibly the most important question to be addressed in developing sediment quality criteria is whether sediment quality criteria that are generic rather than site-specific can be derived. A Pellston Workshop conducted in 1984 concluded that the development of individual chemical sediment quality criteria was impractical, and the participants were skeptical about whether generic national criteria were even possible [21]. However, recent work [22] indicates that generic sediment quality criteria may be possible for at least some contaminants, using biological-effects-based approaches.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current approaches to developing sediment quality criteria

Chapman¹

1989

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

171

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-Current approaches to developing sediment quality criteria are reviewed and separated into two major groups: those approaches that provide only chemical-by-chemical criteria and those that provide criteria for chemical mixtures also. The individual approaches include background sediment chemistry, water quality criteria, sediment/water equilibrium partitioning, sediment bioassay, screening level concentration, apparent effects threshold and sediment quality triad. Based on the evaluation of the two groups and seven individual approaches, it is concluded that, for chemicalby-chemical criteria, the equilibrium partitioning method shows promise; for criteria that are also applicable to chemical mixtures, the apparent effects threshold/sediment quality triad approaches appear to be most appropriate. Recommendations are made concerning specific immediate research needs, related t o developing effective, usable sediment quality criteria.

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Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current approaches to developing sediment quality criteria

Chapman¹

1989

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

171

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“…However, the development of a simple numerical criterion for individual chemicals in sediments is considered to be currently impractical and speculative. Sediment evaluation by various methods has proved to be difficult, expensive and inconclusive (Chapman et al 1987). Field measurements of toxicity of undisturbed sediments are appealing for several 0963-9292 © 1994 Chapman & Hall reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ecotoxicity threshold in marine sediments through in situ input/decay measurements

Ares¹

1994

Ecotoxicology

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: The ability of decomposers to process variable amounts of xenobiotics in the marine sediment is a useful aggregate indicator of their capacity to prevent their accumulation and eventual ecotoxic effects. Since decomposition processes depend on environmental factors at the sediment which are difficult to mimic in laboratory systems, in situ evaluations in undisturbed sediments are of great interest. A method and its results are presented to evaluate the decomposition rates of PAHs (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) in coastal undisturbed marine sediments at different levels of pollution input. The method is based on the application of pulse chromatography concepts to interpret trap and bed sediment monitoring data obtained at regular time intervals, using models of the water column as an anisotropic carrying medium. The results are for a 14 month data series from moderately polluted sediments near an urban site and at a more distant nearly pristine site on the south Atlantic coast. QSAR (quantitative structure activity relations) indicate that decay rates increase with higher UV absorption and lipidic solubility. At low levels of total PAH input to the sediments (<0.05 μg day(-1) g(-1)), decomposition mechanisms effectively process these compounds within a few days. At higher input levels (up to 0.12 μg day(-1) g(-1)), decomposition lags behind the inputs by approximately 25% and PAHs accumulate in the sediment. In situ estimates of the PAH input/decay ratios provide reliable ecosystem indicators of a safe threshold for anthropogenic inputs of PAHs to the marine environment and a basis for receptor-based standards aimed at their regulation.

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