Regulatory Mechanisms of Vitellogenesis in Insects

Wu, Zhengzheng; Yang, Liman; He, Qiongjie; Zhou, Shutang

doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.593613

Cited by 126 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…In D. melanogaster, the transcription factors Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), seance, ouija board, molting defective, ventral veins lacking, and Knirps are linked to Halloween gene expression (193)(194)(195). Kr-h1 is a critical component of the juvenile hormone (JH)/methyl farnesoate (MF) signaling pathway in insects (196)(197)(198), and recent studies indicate that Kr-h1 plays a role in crustacean development and reproduction (199)(200)(201)(202)(203). The YO expresses Kr-h1 and other MF signaling components, suggesting that it also has a role in molt regulation (204).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Mykles

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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A pair of Y-organs (YOs) are the molting glands of decapod crustaceans. They synthesize and secrete steroid molting hormones (ecdysteroids) and their activity is controlled by external and internal signals. The YO transitions through four physiological states over the molt cycle, which are mediated by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH; basal state), mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1; activated state), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin (committed state), and ecdysteroid (repressed state) signaling pathways. MIH, produced in the eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibits the synthesis of ecdysteroids. A model for MIH signaling is organized into a cAMP/Ca2+-dependent triggering phase and a nitric oxide/cGMP-dependent summation phase, which maintains the YO in the basal state during intermolt. A reduction in MIH release triggers YO activation, which requires mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis, followed by mTORC1-dependent gene expression. TGFβ/Activin signaling is required for YO commitment in mid-premolt. The YO transcriptome has 878 unique contigs assigned to 23 KEGG signaling pathways, 478 of which are differentially expressed over the molt cycle. Ninety-nine contigs encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 65 of which bind a variety of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. Among these are putative receptors for MIH/crustacean hyperglycemic hormone neuropeptides, corazonin, relaxin, serotonin, octopamine, dopamine, allatostatins, Bursicon, ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH), CCHamide, FMRFamide, and proctolin. Contigs encoding receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-like receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and ligands EGF and FGF suggest that the YO is positively regulated by insulin-like peptides and growth factors. Future research should focus on the interactions of signaling pathways that integrate physiological status with environmental cues for molt control.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Mykles

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Investigating the biological characteristics, revealing the underlying mechanisms of oogenesis and oviposition may help to develop new integrated pest management approaches. Recently, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of certain genes has been verified to influence the development of ovary and oocyte maturation [ 2 , 3 ]. For example, after knockdown of Krüppel homologue 1 ( kr-h1 ), the development of oocyte in Locusta migratoria , Bactrocera dorsalis , and Chilo suppressalis was significantly suppressed [ 4 – 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological evidences for successive oogenesis and egg-laying of Matsumurasca onukii

et al. 2022

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Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most important horticultural cash crops, and tea green leafhopper (Matsumurasca onukii) is an extremely harmful sap-sucking pest of tea plant. Serious generation overlapping, which is mainly caused by the long oviposition period, leads to poor control effect of pesticides on this pest in the tea plantation. But the intuitive evidences of continuous oogenesis and egg-laying of this pest are still lacking, which seriously hindered the development of genetic control methods. Here, we clarified the main structures of the inner reproductive system of tea green leafhopper female adult. Oviposition behaviors were monitored as well, and six oviposition steps were recorded. According to the maturity of oocytes, the maturity stages of the reproductive system under different copulation periods were classified into 4 stages. For female adults at stage IV, mature and immature oocytes were presented simultaneously, and the developmental levels of oocytes were asynchronous among different ovarioles. The proportion of gravid females with mature oocytes significantly increased when the continuous copulation time was prolonged. In sync with the development of the ovary maturity, female adults started to slightly deposit eggs at the 5th day, and then increased dramatically. In addition, we found that, whether mature or immature, oocytes in the ovarioles always emitted green fluorescence under blue light excitation, which in turn provide solid proof for the new egg detection method from the insect physiology point of view.

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“…For example, in Helicoverpa armigera and Manduca sexta, the JH has been known to significantly regulate female reproduction, while in B. mori, the egg development is mainly controlled by ecdysteroids [12]. Similarly, JHs are necessary for the proper synthesis of Vg in the fat body, while 20E signaling is vital for the ovarian development processes in Tribolium castaneum [13][14][15]. These internal regulatory factors are involved in oogenesis and embryonic development [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Endocrine System in the Regulation of Female Insect Reproduction

Khalid

Ahmad

Ngegba

et al. 2021

Biology

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The proper synthesis and functioning of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones (JHs) are very important for the regulation of vitellogenesis and oogenesis. However, their role and function contrast among different orders, and even in the same insect order. For example, the JH is the main hormone that regulates vitellogenesis in hemimetabolous insect orders, which include Orthoptera, Blattodea, and Hemiptera, while ecdysteroids regulate the vitellogenesis among the insect orders of Diptera, some Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. These endocrine hormones also regulate each other. Even at some specific stage of insect life, they positively regulate each other, while at other stages of insect life, they negatively control each other. Such positive and negative interaction of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and JH is also discussed in this review article to better understand the role of these hormones in regulating the reproduction. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to deeply understand the complex interaction of endocrine hormones with each other and with the insulin signaling pathway. The role of microbiomes in the regulation of the insect endocrine system is also reviewed, as the endocrine hormones are significantly affected by the compounds produced by the microbiota.

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Regulatory Mechanisms of Vitellogenesis in Insects

Cited by 126 publications

References 132 publications

Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland

Biological evidences for successive oogenesis and egg-laying of Matsumurasca onukii

Role of Endocrine System in the Regulation of Female Insect Reproduction

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