Regulatory mutations in the A 2M gene are involved in the mastitis susceptibility in dairy cows

Targeting epigenetic modification of gene expression represents a promising new approach under investigation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modification, play a crucial role in a number of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and contact hypersensitivity. Consistent with this role, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have shown efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In particular, selective inhibitors of HDAC6, a cytoplasmic member of the HDAC family that contains two deacetylase domains, are under investigation as a potential treatment strategy for inflammatory diseases due to their ability to regulate inflammatory cells and cytokines. Here, we review recent findings highlighting the critical roles of HDAC6 in a variety of inflammatory diseases, and discuss the therapeutic potential of HDAC6 inhibitors in these settings.

Section: Potential Of Hdac6 Inhibitors As Treatments For Inflammatorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 in inflammatory diseases

Ran

Zhou

2019

“…Microbes with anti‐entomopathogenic fungi activity promote resistance to infection with pathogenic fungi in Blattella germanica . Similarly, bovine mastitis has been associated with specific types and distributions of Staphyloccocus aureus …”

Section: Antiviral and Antibacterial Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,53 Similarly, bovine mastitis has been associated with specific types and distributions of Staphyloccocus aureus. [55][56][57][58][59]…”

Section: Antiviral and Antibacterial Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms underlying stress response and adaptation

Sun

Zhou

2017

Environmental stresses are ubiquitous and unavoidable to all living things. Organisms respond and adapt to stresses through defined regulatory mechanisms that drive changes in gene expression, organismal morphology, or physiology. Immune responses illustrate adaptation to bacterial and viral biotic stresses in animals. Dysregulation of the genotoxic stress response system is frequently associated with various types of human cancer. With respect to plants, especially halophytes, complicated systems have been developed to allow for plant growth in high salt environments. In addition, drought, waterlogging, and low temperatures represent other common plant stresses. In this review, we summarize representative examples of organismal response and adaptation to various stresses. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the above phenomena with a focus on the improvement of organismal tolerance to unfavorable environments.

“…These adaptations involve increased genomic instability and mutation, coupled with changes to signaling pathways and gene expression programs, creating an intricate network that researchers have been trying to unravel in recent years . Uncovering the molecular mechanisms by which plants and microorganisms respond to stresses will help us to better understand biological evolution . Insights from these studies could impact a wide variety of fields, ranging from the identification of phenotypic traits to improve crop tolerance to extreme conditions, to the design of more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic targeting of cellular stress responses in cancer

Chen

Xie

2018

Similar to bacteria, yeast, and other organisms that have evolved pathways to respond to environmental stresses, cancer cells develop mechanisms that increase genetic diversity to facilitate adaptation to a variety of stressful conditions, including hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, exposure to DNA‐damaging agents, and immune responses. To survive, cancer cells trigger mechanisms that drive genomic instability and mutation, alter gene expression programs, and reprogram the metabolic pathways to evade growth inhibition signaling and immune surveillance. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathways used by cancer cells to overcome stresses will allow us to develop more efficacious strategies for cancer therapy. Herein, we overview several key stresses imposed on cancer cells, including oxidative, metabolic, mechanical, and genotoxic, and discuss the mechanisms that drive cancer cell responses. The therapeutic implications of these responses are also considered, as these factors pave the way for the targeting of stress adaption pathways in order to slow cancer progression and block resistance to therapy.