Regulatory roles of long noncoding RNAs implicated in cancer hallmarks

Abstract

Cancer cells acquire numerous biological properties (designated “cancer hallmarks”), such as cell survival and energy metabolism, that facilitate tumor growth and metastatic dissemination during development. To date, eight hallmarks of cancer have been identified that provide a logical framework for understanding the remarkable diversity of neoplastic diseases, as proposed by Douglas Hanahan and Robert A. Weinberg. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a category of transcripts widely demonstrated to exert significant regulatory effects on biological processes, have attracted considerable research attention due to their association with the occurrence and development of cancer. The mechanisms by which lncRNAs exert their functions require elucidation to optimize their potential utility as alternative biomarkers and therapeutic targets during tumor occurrence and progression. In this review, we have discussed recent research progress on lncRNAs involved in various cancer hallmarks and their related mechanisms of action, with a view to providing an updated picture of their immense therapeutic potential in the fight against cancer.

The Possible Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs FOXD2-AS1 and LINC00968 in Breast Cancer: Case-Control Study and in Silico Analysis

“…Recent advances in sequencing technologies revealed that less than 2% of the human genome is encoded into proteins and approximately 90% of the human genome is transcribed actively (4). Most of the human RNA transcripts are noncoding RNAs (≥80%) (4,5),which play important functions in the different biological processes (4). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs and have 200nt or more in length (4)(5)(6).…”

“…Most of the human RNA transcripts are noncoding RNAs (≥80%) (4,5),which play important functions in the different biological processes (4). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs and have 200nt or more in length (4)(5)(6). About 4-9 % of the mammalian genome is transcribed into lncRNAs, which is higher than proteincoding mRNAs, but they have lower expression levels (5).…”

“…Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs and have 200nt or more in length (4)(5)(6). About 4-9 % of the mammalian genome is transcribed into lncRNAs, which is higher than proteincoding mRNAs, but they have lower expression levels (5). Long noncoding RNAs have diverse roles in the regulation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes through epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational mechanisms, and the regulation of some signaling pathways in cancers (7).…”

Potential role of long non-coding RNA LINC00968 in luminal A and B breast cancers

“…Recent advances in sequencing technologies revealed that approximately 90% of the human genome is transcribed actively [5]. Most of the human RNA transcripts are non-coding RNAs (≥80%) [5,6] which perform important functions in different biological processes [5]. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides [7].…”

<p>THUMPD3-AS1 Is Correlated With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer And Regulates Self-Renewal Through miR-543 And ONECUT2</p>

“…10,11 Recently, more and more studies have shown that lncRNA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer due to its transcription abnormalities, epigenetic modification abnormalities or chromosomal abnormalities. 12,13 In NSCLC, it was also found that lncRNA was associated with poor tumor prognosis, and a number of lncRNAs have been found to affect the development of NSCLC as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. 14,15 It was reported that lncRNA THUMPD3-AS1 (THUMPD3 antisense RNA 1) was upregulated in lung cancer; however, the regulatory mechanism of THUMPD3-AS1 is not yet clear.…”