Regulatory Status of Direct Food Additives

Furia, Thomas E.

doi:10.1201/9781351076302

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Proteins were shown to bind with copper and zinc [ 23 , 24 ] and to gel with ions [ 41 ]. Multiple amino acids have a higher stability constant with transition metal ions than with alkaline earth metals [ 42 , 43 ]. The binding of proteins with zinc was indicated in aerobic granular sludge [ 44 ] and copper was illustrated to bind with proteins and humic substances in activated sludge EPS [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ion preference of compounds containing functional groups also present in structural EPS can be the reason for structural EPS to form stiffer hydrogels with transition than with alkaline earth metal ions. The ability of amino acids and phosphates to bind with magnesium [ 42 , 43 , 48 , 49 ] can explain stronger Mg 2+ hydrogels of structural EPS than of alginate. An experimental analysis of metal selectivity towards structural EPS and additional analysis of functional groups present in structural EPS will further strengthen this assumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge

Felz

Kleikamp

Zlopaša

et al. 2020

Biofilm

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge

Felz

Kleikamp

Zlopaša

et al. 2020

Biofilm

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“…Pure single stimulus compounds, dissolved in deionized water, were presented to subjects in squeeze bottles to be sniffed orthonasally from solution headspaces. The nontoxic compounds (FDA GRAS or synthetic food flavors; Furia 1972 ; Swaine 1972 ) had both distinct and overlapping chemical features ( Figure 2 ) and reasonably pleasant distinct odors ( Dravnieks 1985 ; Pittet et al 1970 ; Keller et al 2012 ). Odor-chemical vapor pressures, which are much lower than saturated vapor pressures because of water interactions, were not measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of the Component Odors in Mixtures

2017

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Natural olfactory stimuli are volatile-chemical mixtures in which relative perceptual saliencies determine which odor-components are identified. Odor identification also depends on rapid selective adaptation, as shown for 4 odor stimuli in an earlier experimental simulation of natural conditions. Adapt-test pairs of mixtures of water-soluble, distinct odor stimuli with chemical features in common were studied. Identification decreased for adapted components but increased for unadapted mixture-suppressed components, showing compound identities were retained, not degraded to individual molecular features. Four additional odor stimuli, 1 with 2 perceptible odor notes, and an added “water-adapted” control tested whether this finding would generalize to other 4-compound sets. Selective adaptation of mixtures of the compounds (odors): 3 mM benzaldehyde (cherry), 5 mM maltol (caramel), 1 mM guaiacol (smoke), and 4 mM methyl anthranilate (grape-smoke) again reciprocally unmasked odors of mixture-suppressed components in 2-, 3-, and 4-component mixtures with 2 exceptions. The cherry note of “benzaldehyde” (itself) and the shared note of “methyl anthranilate and guaiacol” (together) were more readily identified. The pervasive mixture-component dominance and dynamic perceptual salience may be mediated through peripheral adaptation and central mutual inhibition of neural responses. Originating in individual olfactory receptor variants, it limits odor identification and provides analytic properties for momentary recognition of a few remaining mixture-components.

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“…Currently, copaiba essential oil is being used extensively for its fragrant and emollient properties in various cosmetic products. In addition, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of copaiba essential oil as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages [3]. Interestingly, copaiba essential oil contains complex mixtures of terpenes that exert a broad range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasite, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-Acting and Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Signaling Pathways by Copaiba Essential Oil

Urasaki

Beaumont²,

Workman³

et al. 2020

IJMS

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This study examined the biological activities of copaiba essential oil via measurement of its effects on signaling pathways in the SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line. Nanofluidic proteomic technologies were deployed to measure the phosphorylation of biomarker proteins within the signaling cascades. Interestingly, copaiba essential oil upregulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in neuronal cells. The effects of copaiba essential oil peaked at 30 min post-treatment, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of approximately 80 ng/mL. Treatment with cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist AM1241 or the inverse agonist BML190 abrogated the regulatory effects of copaiba essential oil on the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Surprisingly, copaiba essential oil also activated the apoptosis signaling pathway and reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells with an EC50 of approximately 400 ng/mL. Furthermore, β-caryophyllene, a principal constituent of copaiba essential oil, downregulated the pI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, the findings indicated that copaiba essential oil upregulated signaling pathways associated with cell metabolism, growth, immunity, and apoptosis. The biological activities of copaiba essential oil were determined to be fast acting, CB2 mediated, and dependent on multiple chemical constituents of the oil. Nanofluidic proteomics provided a powerful means to assess the biological activities of copaiba essential oil.

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Regulatory Status of Direct Food Additives

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge

Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge

Recognition of the Component Odors in Mixtures

Fast-Acting and Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Signaling Pathways by Copaiba Essential Oil

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