Regulatory T cell: a double-edged sword from metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang, Han; Tsung, Allan; Mishra, Lopa; Huang, Hai

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105031

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

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“…As a result of increased fatty acids, there is an increase in intracellular triglyceride synthesis in hepatocytes, which promotes the activation of mechanisms that generate oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and processes of programmed cell death, such as ferroptosis [ 52 , 53 ]. With disease progression, there is a parallel increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-32 (IL-32), or transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which exceed the immune system’s control capacity through regulatory T cells [ 54 , 55 ]. This favors the onset of steatohepatitis, which constitutes one of the main pathways for progression to fibrosis and the development of liver cirrhosis [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Steatotic Liver Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine Learning Techniques

Gil-Rojas,

Suárez,

Martínez-Blanco

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) currently represents the predominant cause of chronic liver disease and is closely linked to a significant increase in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), even in the absence of liver cirrhosis. In this retrospective multicenter study, machine learning (ML) methods were employed to investigate the relationship between metabolic profile and prognosis at diagnosis in a total of 219 HCC patients. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) method demonstrated superiority in identifying mortality predictors in our patients. Etiology was the most determining prognostic factor followed by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) classifications. Variables related to the development of hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome, such as elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), uric acid, obesity, alcohol consumption, and high blood pressure (HBP), had a significant impact on mortality prediction. This study underscores the importance of metabolic syndrome as a determining factor in the progression of HCC secondary to MASLD. The use of ML techniques provides an effective tool to improve risk stratification and individualized therapeutic management in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Steatotic Liver Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine Learning Techniques

Gil-Rojas,

Suárez,

Martínez-Blanco

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Enhancing Regulatory T cell function by mevalonate pathway inhibition prevents liver fibrosis

Bae,

Lee,

Yang

et al. 2025

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Immune system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: unveiling the critical role of T and B lymphocytes

Cebi,

Yilmaz

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes (exceeding 5% of liver weight) in individuals without significant alcohol consumption, has rapidly evolved into a pressing global health issue, affecting approximately 25% of the world population. This condition, closely associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple steatosis without inflammation to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhotic liver disease. Recent research has illuminated the complex interplay between metabolic and immune responses in the pathogenesis of NASH, underscoring the critical role played by T and B lymphocytes. These immune cells not only contribute to necroinflammatory changes in hepatic lobules but may also drive the onset and progression of liver fibrosis. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the effector mechanisms employed by T cells, B cells, and their respective subpopulations in the pathogenesis of NASH. Understanding the immunological complexity of NASH holds profound implications for the development of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies to combat this increasingly prevalent and burdensome metabolic liver disease.

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Regulatory T cell: a double-edged sword from metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

Prognostic Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Steatotic Liver Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine Learning Techniques

Prognostic Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Steatotic Liver Disease in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine Learning Techniques

Enhancing Regulatory T cell function by mevalonate pathway inhibition prevents liver fibrosis

Immune system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: unveiling the critical role of T and B lymphocytes

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