Regulatory T Cells: Central Concepts from Ontogeny to Therapy

Khor, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.07.003

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…These cells normally are residents in the secondary lymphoid organs, lung, peripheral blood, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin and can be recruited to other tissues, under inflammatory conditions [124]. Tregs are CD4 + , CD127 low , CD25 hi , and also CTLA + and exert immune suppression through different mechanisms, for example, the production of tolerogenic cytokines (IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β), the induction of arginine depletion that leads to T-cell dysfunction, the expression of suppressive molecules (CTLA-4, CD80/CD86), and the direct cytolysis through granzyme b-perforin system and through local consumption of IL-2 (with the constitutive expression of high-affinity receptor CD25) [125,126].…”

Section: Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Tumorigenesis and Breast Cancer

Ruiz-Manzano¹,

Ochoa-Mercado²,

Segovia-Mendoza³

et al. 2020

Tumor Progression and Metastasis

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Organism homeostasis is regulated through the tri-directional relationships between immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. These relationships are established by a complex network of chemokines, cytokines, hormones (peptide and non-peptide), neurotransmitters, and neurohormones that act onto its target cells, through common receptors. Despite initial attribution of the exclusive action of each molecule group (neurotransmitters, hormones, and cytokines), to the function of one specific system (nervous, endocrine, and immune, respectively), ligand and receptor pleiotropy and redundancy showed the multidirectional communication between systems. Cancer and metabolic and autoimmune diseases get established when homeostasis is disrupted. These interactions act in different disease levels, in cancer, since initial immunosurveillance phase, until immunosubversion and metastasis, in all cases is crucial for tumor development, cancer outcome, and patient prognosis.

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Section: Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Tumorigenesis and Breast Cancer

Ruiz-Manzano¹,

Ochoa-Mercado²,

Segovia-Mendoza³

et al. 2020

Tumor Progression and Metastasis

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“…To address some of the challenges by using isolated biologics, cellular therapy aims to restore diseased tissues by transplanting tissue grown in the laboratory ( 70 – 73 ), or even better, by inducing and controlling tissue healing in vivo ( 74 , 75 ). Since T1DM patients frequently have low Treg levels or impaired function of Tregs ( 72 ), treatments using adoptive transfer of Tregs to restore immune balance in T1DM patients have entered clinical trials, and thus far have been found to be generally safe ( 70 , 73 ). Future phase II efficacy clinical trials will be a critical test of adoptive Treg therapy for autoimmunity and transplantation.…”

Section: Immunotherapy Using Biologics and Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, there are recent attempts to bypass harvesting T cells and growing them in the laboratory by inducing or expanding Tregs in vivo via the utilization combined biologics, artificial APCs, or other approaches. These are emerging as novel “inverse vaccine” approaches to treat infections, cancer, or autoimmunity depending on the formulation ( 73 , 75 – 78 ).…”

Section: Immunotherapy Using Biologics and Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches in Immunotherapy, Regenerative Medicine, and Bioengineering for Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2018

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Recent advances on using immune and stem cells as two-pronged approaches for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treatment show promise for advancement into clinical practice. As T1DM is thought to arise from autoimmune attack destroying pancreatic β-cells, increasing treatments that use biologics and cells to manipulate the immune system are achieving better results in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Increasingly, focus has shifted from small molecule drugs that suppress the immune system nonspecifically to more complex biologics that show enhanced efficacy due to their selectivity for specific types of immune cells. Approaches that seek to inhibit only autoreactive effector T cells or enhance the suppressive regulatory T cell subset are showing remarkable promise. These modern immune interventions are also enabling the transplantation of pancreatic islets or β-like cells derived from stem cells. While complete immune tolerance and body acceptance of grafted islets and cells is still challenging, bioengineering approaches that shield the implanted cells are also advancing. Integrating immunotherapy, stem cell-mediated β-cell or islet production and bioengineering to interface with the patient is expected to lead to a durable cure or pave the way for a clinical solution for T1DM.

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“…191 T Lymphocytes T lymphocytes (CD3 + fall into two major categories: CD4 + T helper (Th) cells and CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in addition to Tregs. [199][200][201][202] It is generally believed that high levels of CD8 + CTLs are associated with a greater anti-tumor activity, while high levels of Tregs cells are regarded as being related to promote tumor progression. 203 204 The induction and/or maintenance of immunosuppression in glioblastoma is partly due to the infiltration and accumulation of the highly immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg).…”

Section: Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Interference-Based Immunomodulation for Glioblastoma Immune Microenvironment: A Review

Qiao¹,

Yang²,

Shen³

et al. 2017

j biomed nanotechnol

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Glioblastoma is the most common and devastating primary brain tumor in adults. The clinical treatments of glioblastoma are generally focus on surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while the prognosis remains grim. With the adequate understanding of the unique immunological microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) and CNS tumors, immune microenvironment modulation becomes a promising treatment modality in glioma. Studies using RNA interference (RNAi) technology to modulate the immune microenvironment are under an active investigation. Using those therapeutic strategies directly or indirectly react with tumor cells, antigen processing cells (APCs, including microglia and dendritic cells (DCs)) and immune cells (such as T cells and natural killer cells (NK cells)) has been extensively studied. Here, we review the current advances in immune microenvironment modulation for glioblastoma with RNAi approach. We also investigate how the factors, associated with immunosuppression, to combat with glioblastoma, and discuss the deficiency for this anti-glioblastoma strategy. From these, we expect to provide a guidance for the future development of RNAi-based immunomodulation strategy for glioblastoma and establish optimized antitumor therapy for clinical treatments.

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Regulatory T Cells: Central Concepts from Ontogeny to Therapy

Cited by 15 publications

References 121 publications

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Tumorigenesis and Breast Cancer

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Tumorigenesis and Breast Cancer

Approaches in Immunotherapy, Regenerative Medicine, and Bioengineering for Type 1 Diabetes

RNA Interference-Based Immunomodulation for Glioblastoma Immune Microenvironment: A Review

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