2018
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029041
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Regulatory T Cells: From Discovery to Autoimmunity

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a genetically mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Allelic variants lead to lower thresholds of T-cell activation resulting in activation of autoreactive T cells. Environmental factors, including, among others, diet, vitamin D, and smoking, in combination with genetic predispositions, play a substantial role in disease development and activation of autoreactive T cells. FoxP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) have emerged as central in the control of autoreactive T cel… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…Autoantigen-specific iTregs can down-regulate the proliferation and functions of all CD4 Th subtypes, and inadequate numbers and/or dysfunction of CD4 iTregs may play a key role in AIH. (52,53) Cytokine-mediated transformation of CD4 iTregs into pathogenic CD4…”
Section: Genetic Predispositionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Autoantigen-specific iTregs can down-regulate the proliferation and functions of all CD4 Th subtypes, and inadequate numbers and/or dysfunction of CD4 iTregs may play a key role in AIH. (52,53) Cytokine-mediated transformation of CD4 iTregs into pathogenic CD4…”
Section: Genetic Predispositionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(53) Moreover, exposure of CD4 + iTregs to specific cytokines can transform them from regulatory cells into pathogenic CD4 + Th17 cells. (52) The sixth step is the generation of complex portal inflammatory infiltrates of effector cells that cause cytotoxicity of periportal and lobular hepatocytes. Necroinflammatory destruction of hepatocytes results in activation of periportal stellate cells, which amplify local immune responses through contact-dependent and independent mechanisms and cause progressive portal fibrosis, culminating in cirrhosis in the absence of effective immunosuppressive therapy.…”
Section: Genetic Predispositionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our group has previously published data that classified these human Treg cells into (1) CD45RA + FOXP3 lo naïve Treg (nTreg), and (2) CD45RA − FOXP3 hi effector Treg (eTreg), both of which are suppressive and (3) the CD45RA − FOXP3 lo non-suppressive CD4 + T cells (4). This is important as Treg cell deficiencies, either in number or function, can lead to autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) (5)(6)(7). Moreover, there are also reports suggesting that Treg cells are defective either in number or function in AITDs.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The following year, Azimi et. al evaluated whether Treg cells‐derived exosomes from patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), an autoimmune disease characterized by neuroaxonal degeneration in the central nervous system, had impaired suppressive function based on previous reports that detected insufficient control of autoreactive T cells due to defective functioning of CD4 + CD25 high Treg cells 79,80 . To evaluate the latter, they isolated exosomes obtained from MS patients or control‐ derived Treg cells supernatant an compared their effects on the proliferative capacity and survival of conventional CD4 + T cells from patients with RRMS.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%