“…ADL assessments are used to evaluate the level of patient disability and guide treatment. The objectives of the rehabilitation process include stabilizing the primary order, preventing secondary disabilities, decreasing pain perception using a multidisciplinary approach, treating deficits in function, and promoting overall adaption to the disability and life demands (Brummel–Smith, 1997). The beneficial effects of spinal manipulative therapy and acupuncture on the attenuation of pain sensation have been established by recent studies; however, their effects in elderly populations remain to be elucidated (Bialosky, Bishop, Robinson, Zeppieri, & George, 2009; Lang, Stoer, Schober, Audette, & Irnich, 2010).…”