Rehabilitation of Cortical Visual Impairment in Children

Malkowicz, Denise E.; Myers, Ginette; Leisman, Gerry

doi:10.1080/00207450600553505

Cited by 67 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…One paper [151] does report the effect of a specific visual stimulation program on a group of children with severe cerebral visual impairment and multiple other disabilities. They selected 21 from a database of 116 children with CVI as eligible for the study in having severe visual impairment (ranging from light reflex only to rudimentary perception of detail) at time of enrolment (4-13 months).…”

Section: Management Strategies For Dorsal Stream Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dorsal Stream Dysfunction in Children. A Review and an Approach to Diagnosis and Management

Macintyre-Beon¹,

Ibrahim²,

Hay³

et al. 2010

CPR

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The classical model of how the human visual system works is that image data are transferred from the eyes to the occipital cortex where the picture is "seen". Damage to the parts of the brain serving vision causes visual field impairment and reduced visual acuities. However, additional impairment of higher visual processing is common and may go unrecognised.Two higher visual pathways have recently been described, the dorsal and ventral streams. The dorsal stream connects the occipital lobes and posterior parietal lobes. It serves to appraise the whole scene, and perceive elements within the scene. It facilitates visual guidance of movement, by interacting with area V5 of the middle temporal lobes, or motion perception centre. It is automatic, immediate and unconscious. It is 'on line' and is not memory based. Damage impairs visual guidance of movement (optic ataxia) and visual search. The ventral stream links the occipital and temporal lobes, which contain the "image libraries". Recognition of faces, shapes, objects and routes, is attained by matching incoming data with "library data".Dorsal stream dysfunction results from posterior parietal damage and is associated with cerebral palsy, periventricular white matter injury, premature birth, hydrocephalus and Williams' syndrome, and similar visual difficulties are becoming apparent in children with autistic spectrum disorder. Ventral stream dysfunction is less frequent and usually accompanies dorsal stream dysfunction. It is not uncommon in children with hydrocephalus.A specific disorder of dorsal stream dysfunction is emerging, comprising difficulty handling the complexity of a visual scene (of varying degree) with impaired visual guidance of the limb movement (optic ataxia). Commonly, but not always this is associated with reduced visual acuities and visual field impairment, and occasionally with impaired recognition of people (which could be called "dorsal stream dysfunction plus").

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Section: Management Strategies For Dorsal Stream Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dorsal Stream Dysfunction in Children. A Review and an Approach to Diagnosis and Management

Macintyre-Beon¹,

Ibrahim²,

Hay³

et al. 2010

CPR

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“…Malkowicz et al [8] first introduced the concept based on the classification of Hoyt [5]. A flashlight was reflected in each eye in a dark and quiet room, and light detecting and contrast recognition training using a white/black board and penlight were continued.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For visual perception treatment, visual response training using a flashlight in a dark room was performed, applying the previously published treatment method of Malkowicz et al [8]. The flashlight was reflected on both sides of the eyes at an interval of 5 seconds for about 1 minute, more than 10 times a day.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type III With Meningoencephalocele: A Case Report

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2014

Ann Rehabil Med

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Arnold-Chiari malformation type III (CM III) is an extremely rare anomaly with poor prognosis. An encephalocele with brain anomalies as seen in CM II, and herniation of posterior fossa contents like the cerebellum are found in CM III. The female infant was a twin, born at 33 weeks, weighing 1.7 kg with a huge hydrocele on the craniocervical junction. After operations were performed, she was referred to the department of rehabilitation medicine for poor motor development, swallowing dysfunction, and poor eye fixation at 22 months. The child was managed with neurodevelopmental treatment, oromotor facilitation, and light perception training. After 14 months, improvement of gross motor function was observed, including more stable head control, rolling, and improvement of visual perception. CM III has been known as a condition with poor prognosis. However, with the improvement in operative techniques and intensive rehabilitations, the prognosis is more promising than ever before. Therefore, more attention must be paid to the rehabilitation issues concerning patients with CM III.

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“…In OVI, the eye building tissues are underdeveloped or get damaged due to an insult or infection that causes unclear or incomplete vision. While in CVI, the organization of tissues is healthy but the brain gets impaired due to damage to the visual centers of the brain [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Scoring System to Assess the Level of Impairment in Patients with Low Vision Impairment

Shroff¹

2017

OJOph

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Background: Low vision is referred to as visual impairment (VI) if it is not cured through surgery, drugs, spectacles or contact lenses. It interferes with day-to-day living activities and is associated with the major eye blinding diseases. Numerous tests are used to carry out diagnosis of VI, but their outcomes are unreliable. Objective: To develop a functional scoring system, for accessing the ailment of patients with VI based on observations and clinical symptoms. Methods and Findings: We prepared the list of all possible symptoms that were associated with low vision. Based on this list, we established a scoring system, Nutech Functional Score (NFS), which is a 33-point positional and directional scoring system that evaluates the patient with VI. The scores have been converted into numeric values for conducting probability based studies. All the symptoms are graded between 1 to 5 that runs in BAD → GOOD direction. Conclusion: NFS is a distinctive tool that can be used globally to evaluate the patients with low vision.

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Rehabilitation of Cortical Visual Impairment in Children

Cited by 67 publications

References 11 publications

Dorsal Stream Dysfunction in Children. A Review and an Approach to Diagnosis and Management

Dorsal Stream Dysfunction in Children. A Review and an Approach to Diagnosis and Management

Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type III With Meningoencephalocele: A Case Report

A Functional Scoring System to Assess the Level of Impairment in Patients with Low Vision Impairment

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