Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Sarcopenia: From Cell to          Functioning

Frontera, Walter R.

doi:10.2490/prm.20220044

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Additionally, tissue aging is characterized by the excessive accumulation of senescent cells at multiple-system levels, showing the arrest of cell cycle and resistance to apoptosis ( 44 ). In this state, both supportive and parenchymal cells acquire a proinflammatory state, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) ( 45 ), and their secretome (composed of cytokines, chemokines, mitogenic factors, and proteases) can lead to deleterious effects on surrounding and distant tissues, including inflammation, further senescence, regenerative processes arrest and cell misfunctioning and death ( 40 , 46 ), ultimately affecting whole-body organ failure, that contributes to functional decline and the so-called age-related diseases ( 47 , 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periostin Plasma Levels and Changes on Physical and Cognitive Capacities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sánchez‐Sánchez

Ader

Jeanson

et al. 2022

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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Background Periostin, involved in extracellular matrix development and support, has been shown to be elevated in senescent tissues and fibrotic states, transversal signatures of aging. We aimed to explore associations between plasma periostin and physical and cognitive capacity evolution among older adults. Our hypothesis was that higher levels of plasma periostin will be associated with worse physical and mental capacities along time. Methods Analyses included 1,096 subjects (mean age=75.3 years ± 4.4; 63.9% women) from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT). Periostin levels (pg/mL) were measured in plasma collected at year 1. Periostin was used in continuous variable and as a dichotomous variable (highest quartile (POSTN+) vs. lowest three quartiles (POSTN-) were used. Outcomes were measured annually over 4 years and included: Gait Speed (GS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, 5-Times sit-to-stand test (5-STS) and handgrip strength (HS) as physical and cognitive composite z-score (CCS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as cognitive endpoints. Results Plasma periostin as a continuous variable was associated with the worsening of physical and cognitive capacities over 4-years of follow up, specifically the SPPB score, the 5-STS, and CCS in full adjusted models. POSTN+ was associated with worse evolution in the physical (GS: β=-0.057, 95%CI=-0.101, -0.013], SPPB score [β=-0.736, 95%CI=-1.091, -0.381], 5-STS [β=1.681, 95%CI=0.801, 2.561]) as well as cognitive (CCS [β=-0.215, 95%CI=-0.335, -0.094]) domains compared to POSTN- group. No association was found with HS or the MMSE score. Conclusions Our study showed for the first time that increased plasma periostin levels were associated with declines in both physical and cognitive capacities in older adults over a 4-year follow-up. Further research is needed to evaluate whether periostin might be used as a predictive biomarker of functional decline at older age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periostin Plasma Levels and Changes on Physical and Cognitive Capacities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Sánchez‐Sánchez

Ader

Jeanson

et al. 2022

The Journals of Gerontology: Series A

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“…Worsening cofactors of age-related muscle wasting include sarcopenia-independent chronic diseases and their extensive pharmacological therapy, as well as chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, poor nutrition, extended bedrest and the lack of appropriate physical activity levels [9,10,14,348,349]. Thus, to counteract the age-dependent decline in skeletal muscle performance, optimized rehabilitation [350] and appropriate physical exercise regimes, such as moderate resistance exercises [351][352][353], are crucial to minimize oxidative stress and inflammation in sarcopenia [354,355]. Since older adults exhibit a higher rate of protein turnover [356], and an apparent imbalance between accelerated muscle protein breakdown and impaired levels of protein re-synthesis exists in aged muscles [9][10][11], the resulting reduced levels of contractile components in older individuals should be addressed by avoiding a poor diet quality [357][358][359] and instead provide an adequate intake of high-quality protein in the elderly [360][361][362][363].…”

Section: Pathobiological Hallmarks Of Sarcopenia Of Old Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles

Dowling

Gargan

Swandulla

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.

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“…Sarcopenia is one of the most striking issues in geriatrics because of the many adverse clinical outcomes and mortality. Sarcopenia is closely associated with frailty, falls, suppression of the immune system and increases the risk of hospitalization, length of stay, health care costs, morbidity and mortality (1,2). Studies have shown that both muscle strength and muscle mass decrease with advancing age (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic inflammatory response index and monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio- new biomarkers remarking the inflammation in primary sarcopenia: The SIMPS study

BEKTAN KANAT,

SUZAN,

ULUGERGER AVCI

et al. 2024

BLL

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of sarcopenia with systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and platelet parameters in geriatric patients. METHODS: We designed a cross-sectional retrospective study in patients presented to a geriatric outpatient clinic for the first time. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made in accordance with the EWGSOP2 criteria. SIRI, MHR, mean platelet volume /Platelet count (MPV/Plt), platelet distribution width /Platelet (PDW/Plt), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated from fasting blood test results at the time of admission. RESULTS: Among 262 patients, 79 patients (30.1%) with sarcopenia had significantly higher frequencies of delirium, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease and probable depression (p=0.010; p=0.018; p=0.034; p<0.001). Malnutrition scores and cognitive impairment scores were significantly lower in sarcopenic group (p<0.001 for both). Patients with sarcopenia had significantly higher MHR, SIRI and C-reactive protein values than patients without sarcopenia (p<0.001; p=0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of MPV/Plt, PDW/Plt, PLR (p=0.605; p=0.920; p=0.510). Area under the curve for MHR was 0.675 (95% CI: 0.604-0.746, p<0.001) and 0.601 (95% CI: 0.523-0.679, p=0.010) for SIRI. A sensitivity of 72.2% and a specificity of 55.7% were found for MHR>0.99. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of higher MHR and SIRI in geriatric sarcopenia patients supports low-grade chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. These non-invasive, cost-effective and simple parameters based on traditional peripheral blood cell counts may be warning signs for sarcopenia in the geriatric population (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 25).

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Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Sarcopenia: From Cell to Functioning

Cited by 8 publications

References 82 publications

Periostin Plasma Levels and Changes on Physical and Cognitive Capacities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Periostin Plasma Levels and Changes on Physical and Cognitive Capacities in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles

Systemic inflammatory response index and monocyte-to-high density lipoprotein ratio- new biomarkers remarking the inflammation in primary sarcopenia: The SIMPS study

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