As a carrier of culture, folk music is the embodiment of social economy, nature and culture, and reflects the social, historical and aesthetic conditions at that time. This can understand history, aesthetics, values and so on from another perspective. Folk music has a certain role in promoting people's self-cultivation. Ethnic music is the carrier of a country's beliefs and values. Its prosperity promotes national self-confidence and enhances the country's patriotism. However, in the era of big data, due to the proliferation of popular music, people tend to ignore the importance of ethnic music, including some textbooks and courses, and even ignore ethnic music directly. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the aesthetic education function of digital information resources in the teaching of ethnic vocal music in colleges and universities under big data. This paper proposes how to solve this situation, and conducts market research and analysis. The interviews and questionnaires were conducted on all the first-year students of a middle school in Xiamen and the high school music teachers, and the clustering algorithm was used for data analysis, which also made the experimental results more accurate. The test results show that in the case of dissatisfaction with the teaching materials, students believe that the proportion of popular music should be increased, and the proportion of film and television animation music is as high as 99% and 89%. The proportion of choosing to increase Chinese folk music and opera music is pitifully small, only 2% and 1%. This fully shows that the teaching of ethnic music appreciation in colleges and universities has not achieved the desired effect at all, and the inheritance of ethnic music is in a dangerous situation. Therefore, after the research of this experiment, it is also necessary to call on everyone to protect Chinese national vocal music.