“…In this study, there were no remote-controlled robots; however, the ethos of coopertition and the emphasis on assisting others was embedded in the in-class cooperative assessments (i.e., math tests high school students completed together in class, see Figure 1). These tests primarily were cooperative in nature and involved opportunities for students to engage in socially responsible behavior, which also was anchored in the classroom culture (Abrams, 2017(Abrams, , 2021a(Abrams, , 2021b. Relatedly, such interactivity hinged on students' movement around the room, their use of manipulatives, their communication with their partners and other classmates, and their ongoing reflective, trial-and-error practices (Abrams, 2017).…”