Reimagining the Character of Urban Operations for the U.S. Army: How the Past Can Inform the Present and Future

Gentile, Gian P.; Johnson, David E.; Saum-Manning, Lisa; Cohen, Raphael S.; Williams, Shara; Lee, Carrie; Shurkin, Michael; Allen, Brenna; Soliman, Sarah; Doty, James Iii L.

doi:10.7249/rr1602

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Though largely unexamined in academic research, narrative evidence from counterinsurgent practitioners suggest that mechanized units may limit civilian casualties (Gentile et al 2018;Haight, Laughlin, and Bergner 2013;Smith 2008). Writing about the mechanized units' importance during insurgencies, Johnson notes, "Heavy armor enables friendly forces to survive the initial engagement and respond with precise, timely, direct fire that generally generates less collateral damage than do artillery or airstrikes" (Johnson 2011).…”

Section: Civilian Victimization In Civil Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Force or Armored Restraint? Government Mechanization and Civilian Casualties in Civil Conflict

Wie

Walden

2023

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Does increasing counterinsurgent mechanization result in higher levels of unintentional civilian casualties? Existing research on unintentional civilian victimization in recent conflicts has focused on air strikes, but this question remains unexplored in research examining counterinsurgent force structure for ground units. However, a host of counterinsurgency practitioners in Iraq have cited the mechanized forces’ effectiveness in delivering precision fires that limit civilian casualties. We propose an armored restraint theory, suggesting that mechanized crews’ armored protection enhances soldiers’ decision space when making the consequential choice to employ lethal force. When this enhanced decision space is combined with units that systematically respect jus in bello principles and non-combatant immunity norms, it results in armored restraint, which may reduce government-caused civilian casualties in civil conflicts. We test this theory using micro-data from Iraq and find mechanized units are associated with significantly lower civilian casualty levels compared to dismounted units.

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Section: Civilian Victimization In Civil Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Force or Armored Restraint? Government Mechanization and Civilian Casualties in Civil Conflict

Wie

Walden

2023

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for CASEVAC in the future urban and littoral environments

McKnight¹,

Palmer²,

Khan³

2019

J R Nav Med Serv

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The recent development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and their potential use for casualty evacuation (CASEVAC) has exciting implications for the United Kingdom Defence Medical Services (DMS). When compared to existing technology, the unique attributes of small size, increased manoeuvrability and lack of a human pilot would be extremely useful in congested and hazardous settings. There are ethical and practical considerations to be taken into account, but harnessing the full potential of this technology may improve the chances of survival from some battlefield injuries.UAVs could be of most benefit in a congested and complex battlespace, allowing evacuation of casualties from high risk environments. In addition to CASEVAC, a UAV could be used for critical care transfers, Search and Rescue (SAR) and Humanitarian And Disaster Relief (HADR) operations. Given the vast array of potential applications and a lower risk profile compared with current CASEVAC platforms, the DMS should actively monitor the development of UAV technology and plan ahead for integration within current doctrine.

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Reimagining the Character of Urban Operations for the U.S. Army: How the Past Can Inform the Present and Future

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Excessive Force or Armored Restraint? Government Mechanization and Civilian Casualties in Civil Conflict

Excessive Force or Armored Restraint? Government Mechanization and Civilian Casualties in Civil Conflict

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for CASEVAC in the future urban and littoral environments

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