Reindeer bone extract can heal the critical-size rat femur defect

Abstract

Bone extract from reindeer induces new ectopic bone formation (BF) in muscle pouches, but its feasibility in experimental bone lesions has not been evaluated. We investigated the effects of implants, containing 2, 5, 15, 20 or 50 mg of reindeer bone extract in a collagen carrier, on the healing of 8-mm femur defects in 78 rats. We used 30 µg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in a collagen carrier, collagen and untreated defects as controls. Bone healing was evaluated with radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), biomechanics and histology. In comparison with empty defects, the groups receiving bone extracts showed more BF at three weeks and had better bone union (BU), larger mean cross-sectional bone area at the defect site in groups receiving higher doses of extract, showed greater torsional stiffness of the bones and higher maximum breaking load of bones at six weeks. In comparison to all other groups, in the rhBMP-2 group, BF and BU were best at the three-and six-week follow-up, bone area was largest and mechanical test results were best. Although rhBMP-2 is superior for new bone regeneration, native reindeer bone extract is also effective in the six-week follow-up period.

Green Tea Catechin (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Facilitates Fracture Healing

“…The direct application of BMP-2 was also proven to accelerate the healing process in small animal, large animal, and even human clinical trials [36][37][38]. Our previously reported intraperitoneal EGCG use mitigated the BMD decline and ameliorated the bone architecture.…”

Growth factor delivery: How surface interactions modulate release in vitro and in vivo

“…To be clinically relevant, scaffolds would ideally fill the appropriate space, be composed of biocompatible and osteoconductive materials, match the mechanical properties at the implant site, possess a 3-D structure that addresses cell metabolic requirements, be efficiently manufactured, allow for fixation into the surgical site, degrade over a relevant time frame, and facilitate cell migration into the construct (32). Materials with unique physiochemical properties have been tested for bone healing applications including autograft bone (33), allograft bone (34), xenograft bone tissue (35), tissue derived-proteins (36), recombinant proteins (37), ceramics (38), synthetic polymers (39), and calcium phosphate bone cements (40). A common observation has been that regardless of material choice, scaffolds that retain greater concentrations of encapsulated growth factors have proven more effective at promoting bone regeneration (21, 41, 42).…”

Tissue engineered bone using select growth factors: A comprehensive review of animal studies and clinical translation studies in man

“…A review of the literature revealed variable increased bone formation and defect regeneration ranging between 1.2 and 21 fold in large animal models (He et al, 2009;, and 1.1 and 50 fold in small animal models (Ishihara et al, 2008;Tolli et al, 2011) (Table 5). To date, despite the wealth of reported studies there remains a lack of consensus concerning the optimum rhBMP-2 dose for effective bone defect repair.…”