Reinforcement Enhancing Effects of Nicotine Via Patch and Nasal Spray

Perkins, Kenneth A.; Karelitz, Joshua L.; Boldry, Margaret C

doi:10.1093/ntr/nty038

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These findings provide a conceptual replication of prior studies showing nicotine enhancement in adults using sensory reinforcers (e.g., Perkins et al, 2019). Importantly, our results demonstrate that frequent use of nicotine products is not a necessary condition for reinforcement enhancement to occur and suggest that enhancement may occur early in nicotine use.…”

Section: Significance and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…These findings hold special relevance to the way food may be enhanced by nicotine to promote overeating (Donny et al, 2011), and may help to better describe the connection between nicotine use and abuse of other recreational drugs (e.g., Dermody & Donny, 2014). The present study is a conceptual replication of research performed with human smokers (e.g., Perkins et al, 2019), and assesses two different doses of nicotine in an EC and their acute ability to enhance a videogame reinforcer in young-adult never-users. At least in non-human animals, nicotine accumulates more strength to enhance other reinforcers with repeated dosing (Barrett & Odum, 2011; Palmatier et al, 2007) and may be influenced by associative learning (Chaudhri et al, 2006a, b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.

Kirshenbaum

Hughes

2022

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Nicotine can act as a primary positive reinforcer, and as negative reinforcer to relieve withdrawal; we tested whether it can also enhance the reinforcing efficacy of non-drug reinforcers. Young-adult never-users were delivered nicotine via e-cigarette, and a videogame reinforcer was used to test nicotine enhancement. Three dose groups were tested (placebo-only, 6 or 12-mg nicotine), and participants returned to the lab for several sessions over the course of 1 month. Those in the two nicotine-dose groups received placebo on some occasions and nicotine on others; nicotine enhancement of the videogame reinforcer was assessed in a within-subjects fashion by comparing each of the two nicotine groups' dedicated nicotine dose to placebo. In the placebo-only group, progressive-ratio (PR) schedule breakpoints did not alter as a function of videogame exposure, suggesting that the videogame retained its basic-reinforcing properties throughout the study. For the two groups that received nicotine, both doses of nicotine increased PR-schedule breakpoints for the videogame reinforcer relative to the placebo condition. Although nicotine was associated with greater subjective evaluation of the enjoyment of the videogame, it was unrelated to the enjoyment of the e-cigarette device. No evidence was found that nicotine elevated either anhedonia or withdrawal symptoms in the timeframe of the study. The results provide initial evidence that nicotine enhancement, via electronic cigarettes, occurs in non-frequent users of nicotine products and may be a reason they can develop nicotine dependence in the absence of withdrawal and direct effects of nicotine. Public Significance StatementOne reason e-cigarettes may have abuse liability is because the nicotine in them increases the reinforcing effects of non-drug rewards; these effects of nicotine are known as reinforcement-enhancement. We examined how nicotine contained in e-cigarettes changes video-game reinforcement in young-adult non-users, and how hedonic and subjective effects of nicotine are related to nicotine-induced reinforcement enhancement.

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Section: Significance and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.

Kirshenbaum

Hughes

2022

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…Individuals attempting to quit tobacco smoking often rely on other forms of nicotine replacement therapies in the form of patches, chewing gums, and nasal sprays (Hansson, Rasmussen & Kraiczi, ; Perkins, Karelitz & Boldry, ). Electronic cigarettes (E‐cigs) are battery operated devices, which are connected to a tank filled with an E‐liquid (usually flavored) containing nicotine in varying concentrations (range: 0–30 mg/ml) (Morean, Kong, Cavallo, Camenga & Krishnan‐Sarin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OralCandidacarriage among cigarette‐ and waterpipe‐smokers, and electronic cigarette users

et al. 2018

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“…The behavioral profile of Cluster A evokes the profile of those smokers who consume nicotine for its effect in enhancing the salience of stimuli in their surrounding environment. Even though the reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine were first documented in animals (20,22,34,51), there is now substantial evidence of its existence in humans (49,50,(52)(53)(54)(55). In addition, some studies have proposed a 'self-medication' hypothesis of nicotine seeking, in which individuals with socioeconomic or health conditions associated with poor opportunities for reward seek nicotine for its reinforcer-enhancing effects on environmental stimuli (56)(57)(58)(59).…”

Section: Cluster A: the Reinforcement-enhancing Effect Of Nicotine As A Primary Driver Of Nicotine Selfadministrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of individual differences in motives for nicotine seeking in classical nicotine self-administration and associated outcomes of varenicline administration

Deroche-Gamonet

Garcia-Rivas

Fiancette

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Smokers vary in their motives for tobacco seeking, suggesting that they could benefit from personalized treatments. However, these variations have received little attention in animal models for the study of tobacco dependence. In the most classically used model, ie. intravenous self-administration of nicotine in the rat, seeking behaviour is reinforced by the combination of intravenous nicotine with a discrete stimulus (eg. discrete cue light). In both human and animals, two types of psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and environmental stimuli have been evidenced. Whether these two types of interactions contribute equally to nicotine seeking in all individuals is unknown. Methods We combined behavioural pharmacology and clustering analysis. In an outbred male rat population, we tested whether nicotine and the discrete nicotine-associated cue light contributed equally to self-administration in all individuals. Two clusters of rats were identified, in which we further studied the nature of the psychopharmacological interaction between nicotine and the cue, as well as the response to the cessation aid varenicline when nicotine was withdrawn. Results Notably, withdrawing nicotine produced drastic opposed effects on seeking behavior in the two identified clusters of rats; a 50% increase vs a 18% decrease, respectively. The first cluster of rats sought for the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine and the discrete cue light that has gained nicotine-like secondary reinforcing properties. The second cluster sought nicotine for its ability to enhance the primary reinforcing effects of the discrete cue light. Critically, the approved cessation aid Varenicline counteracted the absence of nicotine in both, but eventually decreasing seeking in the former but increasing it in the latter. Conclusions Classical rodent models for the study of the reinforcing and addictive effects of nicotine hide individual variations in the psychopharmacological motives supporting seeking behavior. These variations may be a decisive asset for improving their predictive validity in the perspective of precision medicine for smoking cessation.

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Reinforcement Enhancing Effects of Nicotine Via Patch and Nasal Spray

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.

Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.

OralCandidacarriage among cigarette‐ and waterpipe‐smokers, and electronic cigarette users

Evidence of individual differences in motives for nicotine seeking in classical nicotine self-administration and associated outcomes of varenicline administration

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