Reinforcement of model filled elastomers: synthesis and characterization of the dispersion state by SANS measurements

Berriot, Julien; Montès, H.; Martin, F.; Mauger, M.; Pyckhout‐Hintzen, Wim; Meier, G. E. A.; Frielinghaus, Henrich

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00482-8

Cited by 46 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…On may wonder if this is due to the electrostatic interactions between silica particles in solution. In a control experiment, we have measured the viscosity of pure silica solutions at the same pH (10), and the fit to this data is shown in Figure 6 (dotted line) for comparison. Given the much stronger rheological response of the filled copolymer network, with a viscosity reinforcement of more than a factor of two, one can again only speculate on the physical origin of this effect.…”

Section: A Silica-telechelic Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many ways of incorporating the filler in the bulk polymer exist, the most popular being mechanical mixing. Other, usually more complex routes are in situ filler synthesis [5,6] , or polymerization around the filler particles [7][8][9][10]. It is commonly admitted that mechanical reinforcement depends on the state of dispersion of the filler particles, as well as on the interactions between the polymer matrix and the filler particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silica nanoparticles dispersed in a self-assembled viscoelastic matrix: structure, rheology, and comparison to reinforced elastomers

Puech¹,

Mora²,

Porte³

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Phys.

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Model self-assembled networks of telechelic polymer C 18 − PEO(35k) − C 18 in water have been studied. The rheology of such transient networks has been investigated as a function of polymer concentration, and a typical percolation law has been observed. The network structure has been characterised by Small Angle Neutron Scattering in D 2 O, where the interactions between micelles formed by the hydrophobic C 18 -stickers of the polymer give rise to a peak in the scattered intensity. These model networks have then been used as a matrix for the incorporation of silica nanoparticles (R = 10 nm), and we have checked individual dispersion by scattering using contrast variation. The rheological response of the networks is considerably modified by the presence of the silica nanoparticles, and in particular an interesting dependence of the relaxation time on silica concentration has been found. The analogy in reinforcement behaviour of such a self-assembled, viscoelastic, and aqueous system with model experiments of elastomers filled with nanoparticles is discussed by comparison to a silica-latex system.

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Section: A Silica-telechelic Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica nanoparticles dispersed in a self-assembled viscoelastic matrix: structure, rheology, and comparison to reinforced elastomers

Puech¹,

Mora²,

Porte³

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Phys.

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“…24 The magnitude of the change in mechanical properties and the state of the particle dispersion is also shown to depend on surface chemistry. 22,25,26 Previously, we established that silica nanoparticles are stable in low molecular weight PEO melts through measurement of the particle second virial coefficients that were found to be positive, slightly larger than those expected for pure volume exclusion and to have a small dependence on polymer molecular weight. 27 One interpretation of these observations builds on the experimental work on measurements of surface forces suggesting that a buildup of an immobilized polymer layer on the surface produces a net repulsion between two particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rheology and Microstructure of an Unentangled Polymer Nanocomposite Melt

2008

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The rheology and microstructure of 44 nm diameter silica particles suspended in unentangled polyethylene oxide (PEO) melts are studied through measurement of filled melt viscosity and X-ray scattering measurement of interparticle structure factors, S(q,φ c ), where q is the scattering vector and φ c is the silica volume fraction. The neat polymer melts are Newtonian over the probed shear range. Filled melts have a constant viscosity at low particle concentrations and shear thin at high concentrations. At the same particle volume fraction, filled melt viscosities increase with polymer molecular weight. By defining an effective particle volume, assuming polymer adsorption adds 2.9R g to the particle diameter, suspension viscosities of both molecular weights at all volume fractions resemble that of hard sphere suspensions. The particle osmotic compressibility and position and coherence of the first nearest neighbor shell suggest that the particles have radii larger than the core size due to polymer structuring near the particle surface. These results are interpreted as resulting from a modest strength of attraction between polymer segments and particle surfaces.

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“…[9][10][11][12] Alternatively, grafting techniques also render better dispersion and interfacial bonding in rubber/silica systems. [13][14][15][16][17] For example, Inoubli et al 14 investigated polybutylacrylate (PBA) filled with Stöber silica particles grafted with PBA chains; their small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy results showed well-dispersed grafted silica particles in the PBA matrix. Other methods such as thermal treatment 18 and plasma surface modification of silica [19][20][21] were also reported to be effective in tuning the structure and performance of the rubber compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly improved performance of rubber/silica composites by addition of sorbic acid

Guo

Chen

Lei

et al. 2010

Polym J

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Sorbic acid (SA) was used to improve the performance of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/silica composites by direct blending. The mechanisms for the significantly improved performance were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and by the determinations of bound rubber content and crosslink density. The strong interfacial bonding between silica and the rubber matrix resulted from SA-intermediated linkages. Significantly improved dispersion of silica by virtue of the interactions between silica and SA was found. Formation of zinc disorbate during compounding of composites was confirmed. The effects of SA content on vulcanization behavior, morphology, mechanical properties and abrasion loss of composites were studied. Significantly improved mechanical properties of SA-modified SBR/silica composites were demonstrated. Changes in vulcanization behavior, morphology and performance were correlated with the interactions between silica and SA and the largely improved dispersion of silica. Polymer Journal ( Keywords: interface; SA; SBR; silica; zinc disorbate INTRODUCTION Silica is one of the most important reinforcing fillers in the rubber industry. As a reinforcing filler, silica provides a unique combination of high tear strength, high modulus and fatigue resistance, particularly low rolling resistance and superior wet traction for 'green' tire tread applications. 1-5 However, numerous hydrophilic silanols exist on the silica surface, resulting in strong filler-filler interactions and poor affinity toward hydrocarbon rubbers, such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). [6][7][8] It is well accepted that dispersion and interfacial bonding are two crucial factors in determining the ultimate performance of rubber/silica composites. 6 Owing to unsatisfactory dispersion and interfacial interactions, the performance of pristine silica-filled SBR compounds in areas such as strength and abrasion resistance hardly meets the requirements for high-performance rubber products. Numerous routes for improving the performance of silicareinforced rubber compounds have been attempted, and some success has been achieved. Incorporation of silanes, especially those containing polysulfides such as Si69 and Si75, during the processing of rubber/silica compounds is the most common practice for improving the overall performance. These modifications establish chemical linkages between the rubber network and the silica surface. [9][10][11][12] Alternatively, grafting techniques also render better dispersion and interfacial bonding in rubber/silica systems. [13][14][15][16][17] For example, Inoubli et al. 14 investigated polybutylacrylate (PBA) filled with Stöber silica particles grafted with PBA chains; their small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy results showed well-dispersed grafted silica particles in the PBA matrix. Other methods such as

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Reinforcement of model filled elastomers: synthesis and characterization of the dispersion state by SANS measurements

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Silica nanoparticles dispersed in a self-assembled viscoelastic matrix: structure, rheology, and comparison to reinforced elastomers

Silica nanoparticles dispersed in a self-assembled viscoelastic matrix: structure, rheology, and comparison to reinforced elastomers

Rheology and Microstructure of an Unentangled Polymer Nanocomposite Melt

Significantly improved performance of rubber/silica composites by addition of sorbic acid

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