Reinforcement of Natural Cellulose Whisker on Natural Rubber

Effects of partial replacement of silica with surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose on properties of natural rubber nanocomposites

“…When used as a macromolecular rubber-reinforcing fillers, they exhibit many advantages like renewability, biodegradability, easy to process, low density, low cost, energy conservation and environmental friendliness. In addition, compared to starch, a number of improved properties such as observably increased mechanical properties [10,12,16], improved hot air aging performance [13], processing properties [11,14], dynamic mechanical performance and reduced heat build-up [14] have been achieved in the applications of MCC and NCC derived from natural cellulose in rubber.…”

“…Therefore, MCC and NCC have drawn increasing interest in recent years [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, the nature of numerous hydroxyl groups and easy aggregation of NCC make it difficult to disperse NCC finely in a rubber matrix.…”

“…Many researches have studied the applications of MCC and NCC in plastics matrices [27][28][29][30][31], while in rubber [10][11][12][13][14][15][16], there are only a few publications. Most of them mainly studied the influence of adding MCC [14] or chemical modified NCC [13,15] on the structure and properties of rubber. Three kinds of coupling agents, namely, phenyl isocyanate (PI), alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), and 3-isopropenyl-!, !…”

“…Nevertheless, the attempting of applying surface modified NCC to rubber is rarely reported. Recently, the preparation, surface modification [32] of NCC and its applications in rubber [13] were discussed by our research group. In this paper, NCC was firstly modified by KH550 and used as filler to partially replace silica.…”

Natural rubber (NR) composites using cellulosic fiber reinforcements

“…The results show that CW has a fair reinforcement effect on NR. The modulus, elongation at break and tear strength of NR composites are further improved by using CW modified by resorcinol and hexamethylenetetraamine (Gu et al, 2009).…”