Reinforcement of natural rubber hybrid composites based on marble sludge/Silica and marble sludge/rice husk derived silica

Abstract

A research has been carried out to develop natural rubber (NR) hybrid composites reinforced with marble sludge (MS)/Silica and MS/rice husk derived silica (RHS). The primary aim of this development is to scrutinize the cure characteristics, mechanical and swelling properties of such hybrid composite. The use of both industrial and agricultural waste such as marble sludge and rice husk derived silica has the primary advantage of being eco-friendly, low cost and easily available as compared to other expensive fillers. The results from this study showed that the performance of NR hybrid composites with MS/Silica and MS/RHS as fillers is extremely better in mechanical and swelling properties as compared with the case where MS used as single filler. The study suggests that the use of recently developed silica and marble sludge as industrial and agricultural waste is accomplished to provide a probable cost effective, industrially prospective, and attractive replacement to the in general purpose used fillers like china clay, calcium carbonate, and talc.

A comparative study of the cure characteristics, mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of silica and carbon black filled NBR/SBR Blends

“…While the addition of silica increases CRI due to silica-accelerator system interaction. Other researchers [24,25] observed a similar trend in the filled rubber. The apparent crosslink density can be calculated from the following equation [26] …”

Effect of high loading of titanium dioxide particles on the morphology, mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of the natural rubber-based composites

“…Other factors are structure, size, shape, surface area and surface reactivity of the filler particles [22][23][24].…”

Sustainable rubbers and rubber additives

“…utilized marble waste powder (up to 10 phr) as a cheap alternate for whiting in both NR and SBR compound. Of late, Ahmed et al . reported NR based hybrid composites reinforced with marble sludge (MS)/Silica and MS/rice husk derived silica (RHS).…”