Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Bacterial Cellulose via a Latex Aqueous Microdispersion Process

Phomrak, Sirilak; Phisalaphong, Muenduen

doi:10.1155/2017/4739793

Cited by 54 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Then, composited poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with BC nanofibers covering the sisal fibers were shown to have an elastic modulus and tensile strength higher than the PLLA. Similar procedures to integrate BC-modified sisal fibers have been used for cellulose acetate butyrate matrices [98] and poly acrylated epoxidised soybean oil (polyAESO) [99] to improve the tensile moduli of nanocomposites.…”

Section: Bacterial Cellulose (Bc) Nanofibers-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nanofication and Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Applications

2020

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Since economic and environmental issues have become critical in the last several years, the amount of sustainable bio-based production has increased. In this article, microbial polysaccharides, including bacterial cellulose (BC), are analyzed as promising resources with the potential for applications in biofields and non-biofields. Many scientists have established various methods of BC production, nanofication, and functionalization. In particular, this review will address the essential advances in recent years focusing on nanofication methods and nanoficated BC applications as well as functionalization methods and functionalized BC applications.

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Section: Bacterial Cellulose (Bc) Nanofibers-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the mechanical properties of natural rubber, Phomrak et al [99] reinforced the rubber using BC through the process of latex aqueous microdispersion. The hydrophilicity, opacity, and crystallinity of the composite were enhanced by incremental BC loading.…”

Section: Bacterial Cellulose (Bc) Nanofibers-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nanofication and Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Applications

2020

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“…In our previous research work, we improved the mechanical and physical properties of natural rubber composite films by reinforcing them with bacterial nanocellulose (BC) via a latex aqueous microdispersion process and found that the tensile strength of NR and BC (NRBC) composite films with BC loaded at 80 wt % was 94% higher than that of pure NR films [ 6 ]. BC is a product from primary metabolism processes of microbes, such as Acetobacter xylinum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BC is a product from primary metabolism processes of microbes, such as Acetobacter xylinum . BC has been extensively reported as having unique properties, including high mechanical strength, high water absorption capacity and high crystallinity [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. BC is also widely used as biomaterials for medicinal purposes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Rubber Latex Foam Reinforced with Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose via Dunlop Method

et al. 2020

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Natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) was reinforced with micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose at a loading content of 5–20 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) via the Dunlop process. Cellulose powder from eucalyptus pulp and bacterial cellulose (BC) was used as a microcellulose (MC) and nanocellulose (NC) reinforcing agent, respectively. NRLF, NRLF-MC, and NRLF-NC exhibited interconnected macroporous structures with a high porosity and a low-density. The composite foams contained pores with sizes in a range of 10–500 µm. As compared to MC, NC had a better dispersion inside the NRLF matrix and showed a higher adhesion to the NRLF matrix, resulting in a greater reinforcement. The most increased tensile strengths for MC and NC incorporated NRLF were found to be 0.43 MPa (1.4-fold increase) and 0.73 MPa (2.4-fold increase), respectively, by reinforcing NRLF with 5 phr MC and 15 phr NC, whereas the elongation at break was slightly reduced. Compression testing showed that the recovery percentage was improved to 34.9% (1.3-fold increase) by reinforcement with 15 phr NC, whereas no significant improvement in the recovery percentage was observed with MC. Both NRLF-MC and NRLF-NC presented hydrophobic surfaces and good thermal stability up to 300 °C. Due to their highly porous structure, after a prolong immersion in water, NRLF composites had high water uptake abilities. According to their properties, the composite foams could be further modified for use as green absorption or supporting materials.

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“…He concluded that HO modified MWCNT has shown high dispersion than MWCNT. Phomrak and Phisalaphong [18] attempted with bacterial cellulose (BC) to reinforce the NR latex and concluded that the tensile strength was increased 94% higher than pure NR latex. Medina et al [19] prepared a glass fiber reinforced composite using CNTs doped epoxy and concluded that incorporation of CNTs increased the hardness by 6% and decreased the fracture toughness by 17%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of High Loaded Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Natural Rubber and Their Nonlinear Material Constants

Natarajan

Gupta

Jiun

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The aim of this paper is to study the high load of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in natural rubber (NR) matrix. Firstly, the rubber matrix, fillers, and crosslinker are thoroughly mixed together in two-roll mill. Rheological tests are done from which scorch time, cure time, and cure index are estimated. The kneaded mixer is then compression molded, dumb bell samples as per ASTM D412 are prepared, and tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, and hardness are measured. It is noticed that NR/30% MWCNT has shown the highest tensile strength of 23.38 MPa and Shore A hardness of 90, which is 78.18% and 91.5%, respectively, higher than the unfilled NR. The increase in strength and hardness, the ductility loss, and decrease in elongation at break are observed upon increase in filler. FTIR, SEM, and AFM examinations are done and the results show high dispersion of nanofillers and strong interfacial interaction with rubber, which is responsible for overall enhancement in mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the nonlinear material constants are evaluated through extended tube model and corresponding nonlinear material constants of different filler compositions are presented for the designers to use them in their component design and analysis.

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Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Bacterial Cellulose via a Latex Aqueous Microdispersion Process

Cited by 54 publications

References 39 publications

The Nanofication and Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Applications

The Nanofication and Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Applications

Natural Rubber Latex Foam Reinforced with Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose via Dunlop Method

The Effect of High Loaded Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Natural Rubber and Their Nonlinear Material Constants

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