Reinforcement of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles by intertube bridging

Kis, András; Csänyi, Gábor; Salvetat, Jean‐Paul; Lee, Thien-Nga; Couteau, E.; Kulik, Andrzej; Benoît, W.; Brugger, Jürgen; Forró, Lászlø

doi:10.1038/nmat1076

Cited by 553 publications

(459 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One way of solving this problem could be the creation of stable bonds between neighbouring tubes, for example, by electron beam irradiation (Kis et al 2004). …”

Section: (Iii) Vertical Bending Induced By Afmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes

Kis

Zettl

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

110

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Some of the most important potential applications of carbon nanotubes are related to their mechanical properties. Stiff sp 2 bonds result in a Young's modulus close to that of diamond, while the relatively weak van der Waals interaction between the graphitic shells acts as a form of lubrication. Previous characterization of the mechanical properties of nanotubes includes a rich variety of experiments involving mechanical deformation of nanotubes using scanning probe microscopes. These results have led to promising prototypes of nanoelectromechanical devices such as high-performance nanomotors, switches and oscillators based on carbon nanotubes.

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“…One way of solving this problem could be the creation of stable bonds between neighbouring tubes, for example, by electron beam irradiation (Kis et al 2004). …”

Section: (Iii) Vertical Bending Induced By Afmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes

Kis

Zettl

2008

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

110

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] They also play a particularly important role in nanotechnology, where they dominate the short-range attraction between nanoparticles and can hinder their dispersion and manipulation. [7][8][9][10][11] For particles lacking a permanent dipole moment, vdW dispersion forces arise solely from small fluctuations in the electromagnetic field -or more precisely, the dielectric permittivity -across the space between the particles, 12,13 which is dominated by the zero-point energy of quantum vacuum fluctuations. The quantum-field nature of such a mundane, ubiquitous and sometimes macroscopic force is quite remarkable, if on occasion not fully appreciated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical evaluation of attractive van der Waals potentials for type-purified single-walled carbon nanotubes

et al. 2012

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Van der Waals forces play a critical role in the structure and stability of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) materials. Thin films assembled from SWCNTs purified by electronic type show particular promise for flexible electronics applications, but mechanical durability remains an unresolved issue. Using transition resonances determined from spectroscopic measurements of typepurified SWCNTs deposited on quartz, coupled with analogous spectroscopic characterization of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates, we use the Lifshitz theory of van der Waals dispersion interactions developed by Rajter and co-workers [R. F. Rajter et. al., Phys. Rev. B 76, 045417 (2007)] to examine the influence of electronic type on van der Waals contact potentials in polymer supported nanotube networks. Our results suggest a significantly stronger nanotube-nanotube and nanotube-polymer attraction for the semiconducting SWCNT fractions, consistent with recent measurements of the electronic durability of flexible transparent SWCNT coatings.PACS numbers: 61.48. De, 78.67.Ch, 82.35.Np, 78.20.Bh 2 I. INTRODUCTIONVan der Waals (vdW) forces play a significant role in the structural stability of matter across a broad range of chemistry, physics, and biology. 1-6 They also play a particularly important role in nanotechnology, where they dominate the short-range attraction between nanoparticles and can hinder their dispersion and manipulation. [7][8][9][10][11] For particles lacking a permanent dipole moment, vdW dispersion forces arise solely from small fluctuations in the electromagnetic field -or more precisely, the dielectric permittivity -across the space between the particles, 12,13 which is dominated by the zero-point energy of quantum vacuum fluctuations. The quantum-field nature of such a mundane, ubiquitous and sometimes macroscopic force is quite remarkable, if on occasion not fully appreciated.Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are nanometer thick tubes of graphene 100 nm to 100 µm in length. They can be either metallic or semiconducting, depending on the chiral vector (n, m) that characterizes the symmetry of rolling a 2D graphene sheet into a hollow tube. 14 They are one of the most studied materials within the realm of modern nanotechnology, with exceptional physical properties that herald the possibility of significant technological potential. 15 The importance of vdW forces in SWCNT materials cannot be overstated. The high aspect ratio and strong anisotropy create potential wells thousands of k B T in depth, but SWCNTs have yet to realize their full potential as mechanical reinforcing agents. This is primarily due to the mechanical failure of interfacial contacts, which are largely governed by vdW forces. Although chemical crosslinking can help mitigate such effects, this often occurs at the expense of the intrinsic SWCNT properties of interest, 16 which can limit the potential impact of applications.Raw nanotube materials typically contain a broad distribution of lengths and a mixture of the two distinct electronic species...

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“…19,20 To resolve the "slipping problem", several routes have been proposed such as reducing the bundles' diameters, 20 bridging adjacent tubes by electronbeam irradiation, 21 or prolonging the contact length between tubes, 22 but none of them have been proved feasible at macroscale. Now, the directly synthesized strong films with simple and uniform structure offer an opportunity to verify the last proposal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Directly Synthesized Strong, Highly Conducting, Transparent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films

et al. 2007

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We report the direct synthesis of strong, highly conducting, and transparent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films. Systematically, tests reveal that the directly synthesized films have superior electrical and mechanical properties compared with the films made from a solution-based filtration process: the electrical conductivity is over 2000 S/cm and the strength can reach 360 MPa. These values are both enhanced by more than 1 order. We attribute these intriguing properties to the good and long interbundle connections. Moreover, by the help of an extrapolated Weibull theory, we verify the feasibility of reducing the interbundle slip by utilizing the long-range intertube friction and estimate the ultimate strength of macroscale SWNTs without binding agent.Because of their optical transparency and unique electric properties together with mechanical flexibility, film-like single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are attractive not only for fundamental researches but also potential applications. For example, large optical nonlinearity, 1 subpicosecond optical response 2,3 and bolometric infrared photoresponse 4 have been observed in SWNT films, and the feasibilities of using SWNT films or networks as sensors, 5,6 diodes, 7 and field effect transistors 8 have already been demonstrated. Recently, highly conducting transparent SWNT films (tSWNTs) have also been fabricated by a kind of controlled filtration-deposition process, 9 which could be used as transparent electrodes for GaN/InGaN or flexible organic lightemitting diodes. 10,11 However, almost all of the above reports focused on the post-treated SWNT films, which are obtained through solution-based filtration processes. As known, to obtain high conductivity, SWNTs must be well purified and dispersed from sootlike morphology, which usually costs several days and leaves unrecyclable chemical residues. Besides, the comparative low strength of these films is one of the challenges for their applications, especially in the field of high-strength enforcement sheets.Here we report the direct synthesis of strong, highly conducting, and transparent films through a further developed floating catalyst CVD (FCCVD) technique that is based on the methods of producing large-scale nonwoven SWNTs. 12 As catalyst source, ferrocene/sulfur powder is heated to 65-85°C and flowed into a reaction zone by the mixture of 1000 sccm argon and 1-8 sccm methane. The growth rates of the films are mainly determined by the sublimation rate of the catalysts. Under typical conditions, after 30 min growth, thin films with a thickness of 100 nm will form in the high-temperature zone (over 600°C) of the quartz tube and can be easily peeled off. This type of large-area freestanding film can be easily handled for further researches. Raman scattering and HRTEM images show that most CNTs in the films are single-walled carbon nanotubes. In this paper, we systematically investigated the properties of the directly

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Reinforcement of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles by intertube bridging

Cited by 553 publications

References 31 publications

Nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes

Nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes

Empirical evaluation of attractive van der Waals potentials for type-purified single-walled carbon nanotubes

Directly Synthesized Strong, Highly Conducting, Transparent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films

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