Reinforcement: the road not taken

Marshall, Jeremy L.; Arnold, Michael L.; Howard, Daniel J.

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(02)02636-8

Cited by 117 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Marshall et al (2002) speculate that conspecific gamete precedence, the increased usage of conspecific over heterospecific sperm when a female has mated with both types of males, may evolve through a reinforcement-like mechanism in response to selection against hybrids. Although this evolution is certainly possible through a mechanism of cryptic female choice (Lorch and Servedio, 2007), selection against hybrids is, however, not likely to be an extremely efficient driver of conspecific gamete precedence, as it is hard to imagine a mechanism whereby the loci involved in selection against hybrids would also be the exact same loci used by females to discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific sperm.…”

Section: Maintaining Species Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of linkage disequilibrium in the evolution of premating isolation

Servedio

2008

Heredity

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The suggestion that speciation may often occur, or be completed, in the presence of gene flow has long been contentious, due to an appreciation of the challenges to maintaining population-or species-specific gene combinations when gene flow is occurring. Linkage disequilibrium between loci involved in postzygotic and premating isolation must often be built and maintained as the source of these species-specific genotypes. Here, I discuss proposed solutions to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of this linkage disequilibrium. I concentrate primarily on two such factors: one-allele versus two-allele mechanisms of premating isolation, and the form of selection against hybrids as it relates to its effect on the pathway between postzygotic and prezygotic isolation. The goal of this discussion is not to thoroughly review these factors, but instead to concentrate on aspects and implications of these solutions that are currently underemphasized in the speciation literature.

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Section: Maintaining Species Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of linkage disequilibrium in the evolution of premating isolation

Servedio

2008

Heredity

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“…Such zones have been found in a wide range of both animal and plant groups, and in terrestrial, marine and freshwater systems. They provide 'natural laboratories' for evolutionary biologists investigating the formation (Hewitt, 1988;Howard, 1993;Moore and Price, 1993;Cain et al, 1999;Marshall et al, 2002;Campbell, 2004) and maintenance (Rieseberg and Buerkle, 2002;Lexer et al, 2004) of species differences. Characterization of their spatio-temporal dynamics is essential to such studies, and the movement of a hybrid zone on an ecological time-scale can radically alter evolutionary outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical study of hybrid zone movement

2007

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Hybrid zones are 'natural laboratories' for studying the origin, maintenance and demise of species. Theory predicts that hybrid zones can move in space and time, with significant consequences for both evolutionary and conservation biology, though such movement is often perceived as rare. Here, a review of empirical studies of moving hybrid zones in animals and plants shows 23 examples with observational evidence for movement, and a further 16 where patterns of introgression in molecular markers could be interpreted as signatures of movement. The strengths and weaknesses of methods used for detecting hybrid zone movement are discussed, including long-term replicated sampling, historical surveys, museum/ herbarium collections, patterns of relictual populations and introgression of genetic markers into an advancing taxon. Factors governing hybrid zone movement are assessed in the light of the empirical studies, including environmental selection, competition, asymmetric hybridization, dominance drive, hybrid fitness, human activity and climate change. Hybrid zone movement means that untested assumptions of stability in evolutionary studies on hybrid zone can lead to mistaken conclusions. Movement also means that conservation effort aimed at protecting against introgression could unwittingly favour an invading taxon. Moving hybrid zones are of wide interest as examples of evolution in action and possible indicators of environmental change. More long-term experimental studies are needed that incorporate reciprocal transplants, hybridization experiments and surveys of molecular markers and population densities on a range of scales.

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“…Hybrid lineages may also form stable species that are distinct and reproductively isolated from the original parent taxa (Rieseberg et al 2003). If hybrid progeny suffer from reduced fitness, selection may lead to reinforcement of reproductive isolation (Dobzhansky 1940;Blair 1955;Howard 1993;Marshall et al 2002). Alternatively, hybridization may lead to the loss of genetic and phenotypic differentiation as one species is assimilated into another (Rhymer and Simberloff 1996;Huxel 1999;Anttila et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Mapping of Species Boundaries in Louisiana Irises UsingIRRERetrotransposon Display Markers

et al. 2005

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Genetic mapping studies provide insight into the pattern and extent of genetic incompatibilities affecting hybridization between closely related species. Genetic maps of two species of Louisiana Irises, Iris fulva and I. brevicaulis, were constructed from transposon-based molecular markers segregating in reciprocal backcross (BC 1 ) interspecific hybrids and used to investigate genomic patterns of species barriers inhibiting introgression. Linkage mapping analyses indicated very little genetic incompatibility between I. fulva and I. brevicaulis in the form of map regions exhibiting transmission ratio distortion, and this was confirmed using a Bayesian multipoint mapping analysis. These results demonstrate the utility of transposonbased marker systems for genetic mapping studies of wild plant species and indicate that the genomes of I. fulva and I. brevicaulis are highly permeable to gene flow and introgression from one another via backcrossing.

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Reinforcement: the road not taken

Cited by 117 publications

References 55 publications

The role of linkage disequilibrium in the evolution of premating isolation

The role of linkage disequilibrium in the evolution of premating isolation

Empirical study of hybrid zone movement

Genetic Mapping of Species Boundaries in Louisiana Irises UsingIRRERetrotransposon Display Markers

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