Reinforcing Heat-cured Poly-methyl-methacrylate Resins using Fibers of Glass, Polyaramid, and Nylon: An in vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction As civilization has progressed, there has been continued refinement of materials available for dental practice. The applications of resins have been extended to increased practical uses in numerous areas of prosthetic and restorative dentistry. Certain significant alterations in the technique of manipulation and nature of the dental product have influenced the range of application in dentistry. The present study was done to measure and compare the fracture strength of heat polymerized poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resin reinforced with fibers of glass, polyaramid, and nylon. Materials and methods The present study was conducted in vitro on 40 PMMA denture base resin specimens. Specimens were divided into four subgroups with ten specimens each and tested for transverse strength using universal testing machine. Results In group I, the transverse strength mean value was 67.82 MPa. In group II, the transverse strength mean value was 59.47 MPa. In group III, the transverse strength mean value was 66.87 MPa, while in group IV, the transverse strength mean value was 66.47 MPa. Conclusion Incorporation of 4% weight glass fibers in loose form significantly increased the transverse strength of denture base PMMA, while 4% of polyaramid fiber in random distribution significantly increased the transverse strength of denture base PMMA. How to cite this article Kumar VSG, Nigam A, Naeem A, Gaur A, Pandey KK, Deora A. Reinforcing Heat-cured Polymethyl- methacrylate Resins using Fibers of Glass, Polyaramid, and Nylon: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(11):948-952.

Influence of Reinforcing Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Resin: A Systematic Review

“…All of these studies used nano-sized particles, except for Al-Bakri et al [35], in which 1.5 µm sized glass fillers were used. Glass fibers and other types of polymeric fibers were of also interest to investigators [31,32,34,[37][38][39][40][41]51,52]. There was less of an inclination towards the use of minerals such as mica, borax, boric acid, and colemanite as reinforcing agents in denture base resin [43,53].…”

“…In another study by Yu et al [38], the combined reinforcing effect of fibers was evaluated and was found to be supportive in the enhanced FS of the filler-PMMA composite. If the selected reinforcing agent has a higher modulus of elasticity, it endures stresses without deformation, resulting in increased FS [39,41,63], irrespective of whether the reinforcing agent is treated or not [42]. However, decreased FS might be observed due to the poor orientation of the reinforcing agent [43].…”

Effects of boron on the mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate denture base material

“…Various modifications have been suggested to overcome these shortcomings, which included plasticization (22), copolymerization with rubber (23), use of crosslinking agents such as polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and reinforcement with metal strengthener's (24,25). Last two decades has seen a dramatic increase in the use of fiber-reinforced composites with different fibers (26)(27)(28). ISO 20795-1 (2008) international standards and ADA (American Dental Association) standart have established respectively 50 MPa and 65 MPa as the minimum flexural strength required of all acrylic resins used for denture bases (15,29).…”

Flexural Strength and Hardness of Filler-Reinforced PMMA Targeted for Denture Base Application

“…Researchers have consistently focused on the use of filler materials as a means of modifying the properties of polymer composites and blends [ 10 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Numerous studies have investigated how various filler materials, such as metal-oxide nanoparticles (ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) [ 5 , 21 , 22 ], polymeric fibre (nylon, carbon, aramid, polyethylene) [ 14 , 23 ], and glass fibre [ 24 , 25 ] can improve the mechanical properties of PMMA denture base. However, while the findings of the existing studies have sometimes been promising, they have also frequently contradicted each other [ 26 ].…”

“…During the mid-1990s, researchers started investigating the use of novel fibres as potential fillers for enhancing the mechanical properties of PMMA denture bases [ 27 ]. These novel fibres were promising as a means of reinforcing denture bases due to their strength, biocompatibility and aesthetics [ 10 , 23 , 28 ]. However, the performance of polymer composites depends on many factors, such as the nature of the matrix bonding, resins used, manufacturing conditions, and fibre type, percentage, length, diameter, or orientation [ 9 , 10 , 17 ].…”