Reinforcing Mood Effects of Alcohol in Coping and Enhancement Motivated Drinkers

Wilkie, Heather

doi:10.1037/e343442004-001

Cited by 11 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…This research is consistent with previous suggestions that college student drinkers can be distinguished according to whether they drink primarily for social or enhancement reasons and/ or positive reinforcement or as a means of coping and/or negative reinforcement (Mohr et al, 2001(Mohr et al, , 2005Stewart and Devine, 2000;Stewart et al, 2001;Wilkie and Stewart, 2005). Most heavy drinking among college students can be attributed to social factors, including social norms and social contexts Carey, 2001, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Are Social Norms the Best Predictor of Outcomes Among Heavy-Drinking College Students?

Neighbors

Lee

Lewis

et al. 2007

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

572

500

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Objective-This research was designed to evaluate the relative contribution of social norms, demographics, drinking motives, and alcohol expectancies in predicting alcohol consumption and related problems among heavy-drinking college students.Method-Participants included 818 (57.6% women) first-year undergraduates who reported at least one heavy-drinking episode in the previous month. In addition to providing demographic information (gender and fraternity/sorority membership) participants completed Web-based assessments of social norms (perceived descriptive norms regarding typical student drinking, injunctive norms regarding friends' and parents' approval), motives (social, enhancement, coping, and conformity), and expectancies and evaluations of positive and negative alcohol effects.Results-Regression results indicated that descriptive and injunctive norms were among the best predictors of college student drinking. With respect to alcohol problems, results indicated that coping motives accounted for the largest proportion of unique variance. Finally, results revealed that alcohol consumption mediated the relationships between predictors and problems for social norms, whereas coping motives, negative expectancies, and evaluation of negative effects were directly associated with alcohol problems despite having relatively weak or null unique associations with consumption. Conclusions-The results of this study substantiate social norms as being among the best predictors of alcohol consumption in this population and suggest that drinking to cope is a better predictor of problems. The findings are discussed in terms of practical prevention and treatment implications.Heavy Alcohol Consumption is both a prevalent and a problematic behavior among college students. Approximately 40%-45% of students nationwide report engaging in heavy episodic drinking (e.g., O'Malley and Johnston, 2002;Wechsler and Kuo, 2000). Consequences of heavy drinking in this population are widespread and include criminal behavior, academic problems, unwanted sexual experiences, injuries, and death (Hingson et al., 2002(Hingson et al., , 2005Johnston et al., 2004;Wechsler et al., 1994). Previous research has identified a number of specific factors associated with heavy drinking, including demographic characteristics (gender and fraternity/sorority membership); descriptive and injunctive social norms; enhancement, social, coping, and conformity drinking motives; positive and negative alcohol expectancies; and subjective evaluations of positive and negative alcohol effects. Surprisingly little research has evaluated the relative contribution of different factors in predicting alcohol consumption and related problems. The present research was designed to begin to address this gap in the NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptliterature by evaluating the relative predictive utility of several factors that have been previously associated with heavy drinking among college students.Identifying the relative stren...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Are Social Norms the Best Predictor of Outcomes Among Heavy-Drinking College Students?

Neighbors

Lee

Lewis

et al. 2007

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

572

500

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the generalizability of our findings is limited, given that our sample was relatively race homogeneous and comprised of college students, we note that samples with similar characteristics have been used to create dichotomies of enhancement versus coping drinkers (e.g. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…using participants who scored at least 1 standard deviation (SD) above the sample mean on either enhancement or coping motives and who had the highest Z ‐score on that respective subscale relative to the other subscales; e.g. ], have been the most common approaches employed. Notably, these types of approaches only classify a subset of individuals as enhancement or coping drinkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 SD above in both enhancement and coping motives). Using the same protocol as Stewart et al ., Wilkie & Stewart found that 16% of their undergraduate sample could be classified as either enhancement or coping drinkers (i.e. at least 1 SD above the mean on enhancement or coping motives).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… discuss in detail, extreme group approaches are problematic for several reasons, such as causing severely biased estimates, especially in analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs that are applied commonly to enhancement–coping dichotomies (e.g. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivational typologies of drinkers: do enhancement and coping drinkers form two distinct groups?

et al. 2012

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Aims This study used a person-centered approach to test whether drinking motive typologies could be identified. Design Longitudinal study of college students within the Intensive Multivariate Prospective Alcohol College-Transitions (IMPACTS) dataset. Setting University campus in the USA. Participants University students (baseline n reporting alcohol motives = 2158; baseline age = 18.60 years old). Measurements The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R; Cooper, 1994). Findings Using Steinley and Brusco’s cluster analysis approach (based on the theoretical ratio expected between the within sum of squares and the total sum of squares when the data are divided into two clusters when no cluster structure is present; the cutoff for the ratio is .25 for uniform [multivariate uniform] distributions and .36 for normal [multivariare normal] distributions), we examined whether there was evidence for distinct clusters of individuals that differed on their overall level of motives to drink. We tested the fit of a one-group (cluster) solution compared to multi-cluster solutions. Both cross-sectionally and prospectively, the data could not be partitioned into two or more clusters (regardless if the cutoff assuming a multivariate uniform distribution [i.e., .25] or the more liberal multivariate normal distribution [i.e., .36] was used). These findings showed that enhancement and coping drinkers do not form two distinct groups but rather these motives exist on a continuum such that individuals who are high in one internal motive tend to be high in the other motive. Conclusions Coping and enhancement drinkers do not form two distinct groups. Variable-centered approaches to drinking motives may be a better alternative to classifying all drinkers as either enhancement or coping drinkers for both clinical and research endeavors.

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Covariations of emotional states and alcohol consumption: Evidence from 2 years of daily data collection

Schröder

Perrine²

2007

Social Science & Medicine

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We examined inter-and intra-individual covariations of mood and alcohol consumption in a sample of 171 light, medium, and heavy alcohol consumers aged 21 and over who reported daily about drinking and mood for a period of up to 2 years. The sample was recruited by advertisements in local newspapers and referral from former respondents in Northern Vermont, USA, between July 1997 and September 2000. Participants reported daily alcohol consumption and mood via Interactive Voice Response (IVR) technology. Within-subject correlations were calculated for each individual separately and analyzed via cluster analysis. The cluster solution was subsequently used as a categorical level-2 predictor in hierarchical linear modeling of daily alcohol consumption. Cluster analyses of the within-subject correlations revealed four clusters: (1) emotion-inhibited drinking (drinking combined with reduced emotional arousal, n = 12); (2) "positive emotion drinking" (drinking in combination with positive mood, n = 69), (3) "stress drinking" (drinking combined with negative mood, n = 12), and (4) "non-emotional drinking" (no relationship between alcohol consumption and mood, n = 78). Hierachical linear modeling (HLM) analyses revealed that a significant amount of random variance of the Level-1 mood slopes (38% and 40%) was accounted for by the clusters, demonstrating the predictive power of cluster membership on individual drinking patterns. Although Cluster 3 members (stress drinking) did not report significantly higher levels of alcohol consumption, they were more likely to report current and lifetime dependence symptoms. The results point to the existence of stable, but diverse drinking patterns among non-clinical alcohol consumers with potentially different implications for development into alcohol abuse and dependence.

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Reinforcing Mood Effects of Alcohol in Coping and Enhancement Motivated Drinkers

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Are Social Norms the Best Predictor of Outcomes Among Heavy-Drinking College Students?

Are Social Norms the Best Predictor of Outcomes Among Heavy-Drinking College Students?

Motivational typologies of drinkers: do enhancement and coping drinkers form two distinct groups?

Covariations of emotional states and alcohol consumption: Evidence from 2 years of daily data collection

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