Reinforcing of synthetic rubber with waste cement dust modified by coupling agents

Abstract

A method for utilizing waste cement dusts as fillers for styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is presented. Such fillers were introduced into the elastomer system together with the waste silica (post-HF silica). The surfaces of both fillers were modified using proadhesion compounds (silane and titanate coupling agents). The modified fillers evidently increased strength parameters of the studied vulcanizates. This was attributed to the hydrophobization of their surfaces and to the introduction to the surfaces of functional groups with chemical affinity to the polymer.

Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Cement Kiln Dust Composite Natural Monomer

“…Although, for several years dramatic advances have been achieved in waste solid management and use of cement kiln dust to reduce the pollution, several industrial applications have been used CKD to minimize its impact on environment [2][3][4][5][6]. Combining CKD with polymer matrix is another solution to minimize the pollution of CKD, the addition of CKD as filler in polymer composites provide some improvement in the polymer properties as well as reducing the cost of production [7,8]. In cement chemical structure there are four basic phases CaO.SiO 2 , CaO.SiO 2 , CaO.Al 2 O 3 , and CaO.Al 2 O 3 .Fe 2 O 3 which can coexist [1,8].…”

“…Combining CKD with polymer matrix is another solution to minimize the pollution of CKD, the addition of CKD as filler in polymer composites provide some improvement in the polymer properties as well as reducing the cost of production [7,8]. In cement chemical structure there are four basic phases CaO.SiO 2 , CaO.SiO 2 , CaO.Al 2 O 3 , and CaO.Al 2 O 3 .Fe 2 O 3 which can coexist [1,8]. CKD consists primarily of calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide which is like the cement kiln raw, but the amount of alkalies, chloride and sulfate is usually considerably higher in the cement dust [5,6].…”

“…The addition of compatibilizer increase the interaction thus adhesion between filler particles and polymer, PEG as compatibilizer has been used in polymer composites [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Few studies address the use of cement dust as filler in polymers, [7,8,25] in this work the effect of CKD as composite filler of high density polyethylene mechanical properties is investigated. In addition, the effect of adding 2wt% of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as compatibilizer is studied too.…”

Active silicas obtained by precipitation from mixtures of sodium metasilicate and ammonium chloride solutions

“…Very frequently, particularly upon implementation of new technologies, they are used as substitutes for reinforcing black in the strengthening of rubber systems used in the tyre industry. 6 However, the earliest and the most important application of precipitated silicas involves strengthening of elastomer products such as shoe soles, technical rubber products, cables and tyre components. 7,8 The supplement of 20-100 weight parts of SiO 2 per 100 weight parts of natural or synthetic rubber improves the resistance parameters of vulcanisates such as: hardness, tearing and tensile strength, grindability, etc.…”