Reinjury anxiety, coping, and return-to-sport outcomes: A multiple mediation analysis.

Wadey, Ross; Podlog, Leslie; Hall, Morgan; Hamson-Utley, Jordan; Hicks-Little, Charlie A.; Hammer, Chris

doi:10.1037/a0037032

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…While the majority have focused on quantitative outcomes, there are several studies that emphasize the importance of psychological factors in a patient's decision to return to sport. 39,[49][50][51] The patientderived themes from this study of patients with FAI also support this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The most satisfying correlation was between coping mechanisms and specific patient responses on their individual pathway to return to sport. The use of adaptive coping mechanisms and positive reframing techniques allowed some patients to overcome obstacles of fear and promote internal motivators, 11,51 while maladaptive copers trended toward the inability to return to sport. Ivarsson et al 23 used the Brief COPE score on a series of Swedish soccer players and found that positive coping mechanisms contributed to overall mental well-being postinjury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 Furthermore, evidence of maladaptive coping strategies, such as denial, wishful thinking, and venting of emotions, has been positively correlated with increased levels of reinjury anxiety. 51 Assessing these potentially maladaptive behaviors and their impact on the rehabilitation process is an important step in understanding an athlete’s decision to return to sport. Recent literature has highlighted the use of qualitative methods to delineate themes and patient-derived outcomes pertaining to this phenomenon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Qualitative Assessment of Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement

Tjong

Cogan

Riederman

et al. 2016

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background:Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is known to produce excellent outcomes, yet some patients do not return to their preinjury level of sport participation. Much literature on return to sport has revolved around anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and even shoulder instability, but none to date have used qualitative, semistructured patient interviews on patients with hip labral tears.Purpose:To understand the factors influencing the decision to return to sport after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAI.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:An experienced interviewer conducted qualitative, semistructured interviews of patients aged 18 to 60 years who had arthroscopic hip surgery for FAI. All had preinjury participation in sport and a minimum 2-year follow-up with no revision surgery. Qualitative analysis was then performed to derive codes, categories, and themes. An assessment of preinjury and current sports participation by type, level of competition, and frequency along with patient-reported hip function was also obtained. In addition, current modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), Hip Outcome Score–sports-specific subscale (HOS-SSS), and a coping mechanism evaluation (Brief COPE) were also recorded.Results:A total of 23 patients were interviewed to reveal the overarching themes of internal motivation, external encouragement, and resetting expectations as the predominant factors influencing a patient’s decision to return to preinjury sport. Subjective outcome measurements (mHHS, iHOT-12, patient satisfaction) showed significant differences between patients who did and did not return to sport. Interestingly, the adaptive and maladaptive coping mechanisms matched and supported our themes in those patients who described fear and self-motivation as defining features influencing their cessation of or return to play, respectively.Conclusion:Self-motivation, aging, pain, encouragement from others, and adapting to physical limitations can largely affect a patient’s decision to return to sport after arthroscopic hip surgery for FAI. Innate coping mechanisms may also help to predict the course of and subsequently aid in a patient’s postoperative recovery.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Qualitative Assessment of Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement

Tjong

Cogan

Riederman

et al. 2016

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…It also places a huge financial burden on the healthcare system, with estimated hospital costs of over A$75 million (e45 million) per year in Australia alone (Janssen et al, 2011). Perhaps not surprisingly, therefore, the increased incidence of ACL injuries over the last 20 years (Herzog et al, 2017) has been marked by a concomitant rise in the research attention afforded to factors associated with improving ACL outcomes-including those of a psychosocial nature (e.g., Brewer, 2010;Wadey et al, 2014;Ardern et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Optimism and Psychosocial Factors in Athletes Recovery From ACL Injury: A Longitudinal Study

Williams

Evans

Robertson³

et al. 2020

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Despite a growing interest into the role of psychosocial factors during the recovery period following sports injuries, there remains a paucity of longitudinal studies examining the indirect relationships between psychosocial factors, psychological responses, and recovery outcomes. The purpose of this study was to construct and test a conceptual model which examined the indirect relationships between optimism, psychosocial factors, rehabilitation adherence, and perceived knee function up to 12 months post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. A prospective, longitudinal, and repeated measures design was employed, wherein 81 injured athletes ( M age 26.89, SD = 7.52) completed measures of optimism, psychosocial factors, rehabilitation adherence, and perceived knee function on seven occasions (pre-surgery to 1 year post-surgery). Bayesian structural equation modeling evaluated the hypothesized indirect relationships proposed within the conceptual model. The main findings from this study was empirical support for a time-ordered, conceptual model which demonstrated that pre-surgery optimism had a significant overall indirect effect on perceived knee function at 12 months post-surgery ( sum of indirect ; αβ = 0.08, post. SD = 0.05, CI [0.01, 0.04]), as well as a specific indirect effect through secondary appraisal at 1 month post-surgery, efficacy at 2 months post-surgery, and rehabilitation adherence at 6 months post-surgery (αβ = 0.03, post. SD = 0.03, CI [0.00, 0.10]). Collectively, this study provides support for a number of previously hypothesized, but not empirically examined, indirect relationships between optimism, psychosocial factors and recovery outcomes. In doing so, we provide a conceptual model which has the potential to help guide individualized treatment recommendations, as well as identify individuals at risk of compromised recovery outcomes following ACL surgery.

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“…Overall, fear of reinjury has been considered the most salient concern for athletes returning to sport post injury (Podlog, Dimmock, & Miller, 2011;Wadey, Podlog, Hall, Hamson-Utley, Hicks-Little, & Hammer, 2014).…”

Section: Fear Of Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of the experience of fear and its impact on performance in NCAA divers

Foss¹

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Fear is a basic human emotion that can have numerous impacts on athletes seeking to achieve performance excellence. The level of physical risk within sport can also influence athletes' experiences of fear. Within springboard and platform diving, divers can commonly face fear of injury and performance anxiety (Highlen and Bennet, 1983; McGregor and Abrahamson, 2000; Post, Simpson, Young, and Parker, 2014), which can be either detrimental or beneficial to performance (Buckley, 2016; Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, and Calvo, 2007; Post et al., 2014). Understanding the experience of fear in its full context is important to successfully manage fear within sport. Utilizing Consensual Qualitative Research methodology (Hill, 2012), the current study examined the experience of fear in 10 collegiate divers through semi-structured interviews at two time points. Findings indicated that fear was an inherent part of the sport of diving, and an underlying cause of fear was consistent uncertainty over the dive's outcome. Experience of fear varied across time points based on factors including divers' social influences, dive-specific factors, and setting. Divers viewed fear as predominantly negatively impacting performance; however, benefits were also addressed. Generally, strategies for coping with fear were seen as unique to the individual, though participants highlighted the importance of accepting fear as part of the sport and committing to executing dives. This study offers practical implications to sport psychology practitioners, coaches, and divers seeking to successfully work with fear in diving.

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Reinjury anxiety, coping, and return-to-sport outcomes: A multiple mediation analysis.

Abstract: Future avenues of research that aim to provide a greater knowledge and understanding of the relationship between reinjury anxiety and return-to-sport outcomes are discussed, including the need for alternative theoretical perspectives and diverse methodologies.

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

A Qualitative Assessment of Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement

A Qualitative Assessment of Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement

The Role of Optimism and Psychosocial Factors in Athletes Recovery From ACL Injury: A Longitudinal Study

An exploration of the experience of fear and its impact on performance in NCAA divers

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