Reinvestigation of Host Location by Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): CO2 Is the Only Volatile Attractant

Bernklau, E. J.; Bjostad, L. B.

doi:10.1093/jee/91.6.1331

Cited by 66 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…CO 2 alone is sufficient to guide Diabrotica virgifera beetle larvae toward corn roots (16), and larvae of noctuid (Helicoverpa armigera) (17) and pyralid (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) (18) moths orient to above-ambient CO 2 sources. Females of the pyralid moth Cactoblastis cactorum search for CO 2 sinks on photosynthetic stem surfaces of Opuntia stricta, as indicators of high carbon fixation activity (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Goyret

Markwell²,

Raguso³

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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fragrance ͉ odor ͉ olfaction ͉ pollination ͉ Sphingidae A nthophilous insects use information from a variety of sensory channels to locate flowers and feed from them (1). Thus, a crucial task for studying insect-plant interactions is to identify which components of the environment provide the sensory inputs used by insects, and to what extent context and scale affect their information content (2). Whereas flower colors and patterns (3, 4), whole-flower and nectar odors (5), and even corolla shape and texture are known features used by foraging insects and other nectivorous animals (6, 7), few studies have explicitly addressed the role of flower respiratory carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a stimulus involved in plant-pollinator interactions.Our knowledge of how insects use CO 2 as a sensory cue is derived primarily from studies of insects that vector diseases or attack crop plants. For example, many haematophagous insects use CO 2 to locate their animal hosts from a distance (8). Discontinuous CO 2 plumes modulate host-seeking behavior by mosquitoes (9, 10), suggesting that CO 2 acts as a long-range orientation stimulus (11). Tsetse flies and biting midges also use CO 2 as a long-range attractant that can synergize the attractiveness of other host odors (12, 13). However, CO 2 also functions as a close-range feeding stimulus (on the host's skin) for mosquitoes (8). CO 2 synergizes the attractiveness of some human skin odors to female yellow fever mosquitoes (14) and has been suggested to synergize triatomine bug responses to L(ϩ)-lactic acid (15).Some herbivorous insects show similar responses to CO 2 , although typically at closer range to its source than haematophagous insects. CO 2 alone is sufficient to guide Diabrotica virgifera beetle larvae toward corn roots (16), and larvae of noctuid (Helicoverpa armigera) (17) and pyralid (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) (18) moths orient to above-ambient CO 2 sources. Females of the pyralid moth Cactoblastis cactorum search for CO 2 sinks on photosynthetic stem surfaces of Opuntia stricta, as indicators of high carbon fixation activity (19). In this case, CO 2 gradients are used as close-range stimuli, as is true for tephritid flies that oviposit on fruit wounds, which provide a localized source of CO 2 and other olfactory oviposition stimulants (20). Finally, responses to CO 2 may be context-dependent. Tephritid flies respond to CO 2 when presented with a fruit-like visual stimulus (20). Within a certain concentration range, Drosophila melanogaster adults and larvae are repelled by CO 2 , and it has been suggested that these responses depend on the olfactory context (21).It is clear from the studies reviewed above that CO 2 may function alone or in concert with host odors, at a distance or at close range, via several behavioral mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that CO 2 may also contribute to the interactions between flowers and insect pollinators. Floral CO 2 is primarily associated with elevated respiratory activity in thermogenic flowers, including deceptive flowers that mim...

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confidence: 99%

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Goyret

Markwell²,

Raguso³

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The root cap is continually sloughed off as developing cells at the root tip are being formed. The formation of new root cells releases CO 2 that is used by the D. v. virgifera as a key attractant to locate a potential host (Bernklau and Bjostad 1998b). In this study, neonate larvae placed on the plant at the medium surface quickly moved to feed on actively growing root tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Olfactory response to CO 2 has been studied in relation to the host Þnding capacity of D. v. virgifera larvae (Strnad et al 1986;Bernklau and Bjostad 1998a,b). CO 2 seems to be the key attractant used by D. v. virgifera larvae to Þnd potential host plants Bergman 1987b, Bernklau andBjostad 1998b).…”

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confidence: 99%

<I>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</I> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding Behavior on Transgenic Maize (MON 863) and Its Isoline

Clark¹,

Vaughn²,

Meinke³

et al. 2006

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“…Se desconoce si para los inmaduros de melolóntidos tiene alguna importancia el ritmo circadiano, en los trabajos enfocados a buscar la respuesta olfativa de las larvas de Costelytra zealandica este factor al parecer no fue considerado, ya que no indican la hora en que realizaron los bioensayos (Galbreath, 1988); algo similar sucede en trabajos realizados con otras familias de insectos (Castrejón et al 2006;Bernklau & Bjostad 1998). En el presente estudio, por especie se realizaron bioensayos preliminares en diferentes horarios durante el día y la noche, para identificar el horario de actividad de las larvas; sin embargo, sería importante realizar experimentos sistematizados (en horarios y repeticiones) enfocados a conocer si la hora del día influye en la respuesta de la larva, como se ha realizado con adultos de Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Rojas 1999).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Con larvas edafícolas de Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) se ha usado suelo o sustrato inerte en el tubo "Y" para simular la condición natural de la larva (Bernklau & Bjostad 1998), con ello los autores consideran que la respuesta olfativa es más confiable; pero cada repetición la realizan entre una y cuatro horas, tiempo en el que se considera que los movimientos de las larvas dejan de ser al azar y se orientan con mayor confiabilidad a las raíces de las plantas probadas (Branson 1982). Esto resultó inviable en el presente trabajo debido a que el periodo de actividad larval nunca fue mayor a cuatro horas, y cuando se usó suelo en el olfatómetro las larvas se enterraron e inmovilizaron por más de 40 minutos; así que para poder cubrir el número de repeticiones adecuado por especie se optó por usar papel filtro solo para evitar que la larva resbalara en el vidrio.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Respuesta olfativa de larvas de phyllophaga raviday p. tumulosa ( melolonthidae) a volátiles de raíces de cuatro plantas hospederas

Méndez-Aguilar¹,

Castro-Ramírez

Rojas

et al. 2008

AZM

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RESUMENEn este trabajo se investigó la respuesta olfativa de larvas de terceros estadios de Phyllophaga ravida (Blanchard 1850) y Phyllophaga tumulosa (Bates 1888) ante las raíces de Zea mays L. (Gramineae), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Gramineae), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae) y Physalis philadelphica Lam. (Solanaceae). Se utilizó un olfatómetro "Y", con una raíz de papel filtro como testigo; las larvas de P. ravida no mostraron preferencia olfativa por ninguna de las raíces probadas; mientras que las larvas de P. tumulosa prefirieron la del tomate verde. En terrarios de cristal se sembraron una planta de maíz (control) y otra de frijol o tomate verde, y se infestaron con dos larvas de P. ravida o de P. tumulosa, excepto los testigos, para registrar la preferencia hacia un tipo de raíz en el suelo. Las larvas de Phyllophaga ravida tuvieron mayor presencia en las raíces del maíz que en las del frijol o del tomate verde y aumentaron significativamente de peso en las combinaciones frijol-maíz y tomate verde-maíz. Las larvas de P. tumulosa prefirieron las raíces del tomate verde que las del maíz o del frijol, y aumentaron significativamente de peso en la combinación tomate verde-maíz. La preferencia olfativa de P. tumulosa por la raíz del tomate verde se corroboró en los terrarios. Palabras clave: olfatómetro, insectos edáficos, complejo "gallina ciega", plaga agrícola, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae. ABSTRACTThe olfactory responses of third instar larvae of Phyllophaga ravida (Blanchard 1850) and Phyllophaga tumulosa (Bates 1888) to Zea mays L. (Gramineae), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Gramineae), Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae) and Physalis philadelphica Lam. (Solanaceae) roots were studied in the laboratory. The olfactory response was investigated using a "Y" olfactometer. P. ravida larvae did not show any preference for roots of any of the four plant species, while P. tumulosa larvae preferred green tomato roots. The preference of both species of larvae for roots of maize, bean or green tomato was investigated in a glass terrarium. Phyllophaga ravida larvae were more frequently found in maize roots than in bean or green tomato roots, and larvae of this species increased significantly their weight in the combinations between bean-maize and green tomato-maize.

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Reinvestigation of Host Location by Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): CO2 Is the Only Volatile Attractant

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

<I>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</I> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding Behavior on Transgenic Maize (MON 863) and Its Isoline

Respuesta olfativa de larvas de phyllophaga raviday p. tumulosa ( melolonthidae) a volátiles de raíces de cuatro plantas hospederas

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Reinvestigation of Host Location by Western Corn Rootworm Larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): CO2 Is the Only Volatile Attractant

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO 2 on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO 2 on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

<I>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</I> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding Behavior on Transgenic Maize (MON 863) and Its Isoline

Respuesta olfativa de larvas de phyllophaga raviday p. tumulosa ( melolonthidae) a volátiles de raíces de cuatro plantas hospederas

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Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta

Context- and scale-dependent effects of floral CO ₂ on nectar foraging by Manduca sexta