“…In fact, most evidence for this link comes from research with relatively high-status groups (e.g., international students), groups for which boundaries with other groups are relatively permeable (e.g., older adults), or indigenous populations. In contrast, research on the rejection-identification mechanism with forced migrants is practically non-existent, and the limited number of studies with voluntary immigrants found mostly no evidence for the RIM (Armenta & Hunt, 2009;Badea, Jetten, Iyer, & Er-Rafiy, 2011;Bratt, 2015;Jasinskaja-Lahti et al, 2009;Jasinskaja-Lahti, Mähönen, & Ketokivi, 2012;Wiley, 2013;Wiley et al, 2013; but see Bourguignon et al, 2006). For instance, in the case of immigrants, Jasinskaja-Lahti et al (2009) found that ethnic identification was unrelated to both perceived discrimination and stress symptoms.…”