Rekonstruktion biologischer und sozialer Strukturen in ur- und frühgeschichtlichen Bevölkerungen – Innovative Ansätze zur Verwandtschaftsanalyse in der Archäologie

Alt, Kurt W.; Vach, Werner

doi:10.1515/prhz.1994.69.1.56

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…As with much else in bioarchaeology, the 1970s witnessed the rise in popularity of kinship studies. (Sjøvold, 1975(Sjøvold, , 1976 delineated several critical issues such as the difficulty of defining fami-lies within large, homogenously distributed cemeteries (subsequently addressed by Vach and Alt, 1993;Alt and Vach, 1994), the importance of minor, non-metric traits for identifying kin groups, and the near impossibility of pedigree reconstruction.…”

Section: Biodistance Analysis: Description Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic approaches for understanding patterns of intracemetery biological variation

Stojanowski

Schillaci

2006

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

146

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This paper reviews studies of phenotypic inheritance and microevolutionary processes in archaeological populations using data on cranial and dental phenotypic variation, often referred to as paleogenetics or biodistance analysis. The estimation of biological distances between populations, or among individuals within populations, is one component of bioarchaeological research on past populations. In this overview, five approaches that focus on morphological variation within cemeteries are summarized: kinship and cemetery structure analysis, postmarital residence analysis, sample aggregate phenotypic variability, temporal microchronology, and age-structured phenotypic variation. Previous research, theoretical justifications, and methods are outlined for each topic. Case studies are presented that illustrate these theoretical and methodological bases, as well as demonstrate the kinds of inferences possible using these approaches. Kinship and cemetery structure analysis seeks to identify the members of family groups within larger cemeteries or determine whether cemeteries were kin-structured. Analysis of sex-specific phenotypic variation allows estimation of postmarital residence practices, which is important for understanding other aspects of prehistoric social organization. Analysis of aggregate phenotypic variability can be used to infer site formation processes or cemetery catchment area. The study of temporal microchronologies can be used to evaluate provisional archaeological chronologies or study microevolutionary processes such as adaptive selection or changing patterns of gene flow. Finally, age-structured phenotypic variation can be reflective of selection processes within populations or it can be used as a measure of morbidity, growth arrest, and early mortality within past populations. Use of phenotypic data as a genotypic proxy is theoretically sound, even at small scales of analysis. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 49: 49-88, 2006.

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Section: Biodistance Analysis: Description Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic approaches for understanding patterns of intracemetery biological variation

Stojanowski

Schillaci

2006

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

146

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“…The idea that biologically related individuals have a number of phenotypical traits (syn. epigenetic traits, anatomical variants) in common that are typical for their family is the key premise for reconstructing such subgroups from skeletal remains [ 70 ]. These characteristics have to be separated from a multitude of anthropological features present on the material.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Social Structure of the PPNB Site of Kfar HaHoresh, Israel, Based on Dental Remains

et al. 2015

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One of the central questions of the transition from mobile hunter-gatherers to sedentary farming communities concerns the establishment of new social structures and group identities. Along with other important factors, such as territory, ideology or economy, biological relationships might have played a decisive role in defining social groups. We therefore systematically analyzed teeth and jaw remains from nine sites in the Near East dating from the Natufian to the Late PPNB as primary proxy data for the reconstruction of familial relationships. This paper presents the results of morphological analyses on the teeth of the individuals from Kfar HaHoresh, one of the investigated Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites. Kfar HaHoresh is located in the Nazareth hills of Galilee (32°42'20'' N 35°16'28'' E), Israel. Different statistical methods were applied to our data of epigenetic traits with the aim of determining biological relationships within the community, whereby the data of the eight other sites were used as cross-references. Our comparison of the traits of all individuals from Kfar HaHoresh indicates a rather heterogeneous community, but clearly shows one cluster belonging to a quite homogenous group, suggesting close biological relations between females and sub-adults. Interestingly, none of the male individuals belongs to this cluster, although their number outweighs that of the female individuals. This might suggest matrilocal residence patterns. However, due to the incomplete preservation of the teeth along with several other uncertainties, our conclusion must be seen as preliminary. A cross-examination of the results on skeletons excavated after our investigation should also be taken into consideration.

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“…In analysing the data matrix containing the registered traits, the decisive step is to identify clues at genetically linked group members (cf. Alt and Vach, 1994). The type of burial, respectively its archaeological or forensic classification (multiple burial, mass or collective grave, cemetery etc.…”

Section: Statistical Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agreement in these rare anatomic variants seemed to suggest that the individuals were related, and may even have been siblings (Vlček, 1995). A systematic kinship analysis based on a recently developed set of odontologic and other non-metric traits (Alt and Vach, 1994;Alt, 1997;Alt et al, in preparation) was conducted to test this hypothesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Twenty-five thousand-year-old triple burial from Dolní Věstonice: An ice-age family?

Alt

Pichler

Vach

et al. 1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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In 1986 a paleolithic triple burial was discovered near Dolní Vĕstonice (Czech Republic). The occurrence of anatomic variants in all three skeletons gave rise to speculations that the buried individuals may have been closely related. To test this hypothesis the skeletons were submitted to a systematic kinship analysis based on odontologic and other non-metric traits. Statistical tests showed that the coincident occurrence of several rare traits in the individuals is highly unlikely to occur at random. This and further data included in the analysis therefore suggest that the three individuals buried together were genetically related and actually belonged to one family.

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Rekonstruktion biologischer und sozialer Strukturen in ur- und frühgeschichtlichen Bevölkerungen – Innovative Ansätze zur Verwandtschaftsanalyse in der Archäologie

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Phenotypic approaches for understanding patterns of intracemetery biological variation

Phenotypic approaches for understanding patterns of intracemetery biological variation

Insights into the Social Structure of the PPNB Site of Kfar HaHoresh, Israel, Based on Dental Remains

Twenty-five thousand-year-old triple burial from Dolní Věstonice: An ice-age family?

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