Relaciones de la condición física y la composición corporal con la autopercepción de salud. [Relationship of physical fitness and body composition with self-rated health].

Abstract

<p align="justify">El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar las relaciones existentes entre diferentes variables de la condición física y el porcentaje de masa grasa con la percepción de salud. Los participantes en el estudio fueron 264 adolescentes de la ciudad de Málaga (España), en edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 16 años (M=15.05; DT=0.78). Se midió el porcentaje de masa grasa corporal, mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica, y el consumo de oxígeno máximo, de forma indirecta, a través del test de Course Navette. Además, se estimó el tiempo en recorrer 50 metros lisos y la distancia alcanzada mediante salto horizontal. Por otro lado, se utilizó el General Health Questionaire (GHQ-28), para evaluar la percepción de salud. Los análisis de correlación y regresión lineal efectuados pusieron de manifiesto relaciones entre las variables de condición física y el porcentaje de masa grasa con las medidas del GHQ-28, salvo en el factor depresión grave. En concreto, el consumo máximo de oxígeno predijo negativamente los factores síntomas somáticos y ansiedad e insomnio. A su vez, el porcentaje de grasa corporal predijo positivamente estos dos factores.</p>Abstract<p align="justify">The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between several variables of physical fitness, as well as the body fat percentage, and self-rated health. The participants in the study were 264 teenagers from the city of Malaga (Spain), whose age ranged between 14 and 16 years old (M=15.05; SD=0.78). The body fat percentage was measured by means of a bioelectrical impedance analysis and the Course-Navette test was used to assess the maximal oxygen consumption. Moreover, other measured variables were the time to run 50 metres and the distance jumped horizontally. The General Health Questionaire (GHQ-28) was used to evaluate the self-rated health. The linear regression and correlation analysis highlighting that the variables physical fitness and body fat percentage were associated with GHQ-28 subscales scores except severe depression. In particular, the maximal oxygen consumption predicted negatively somatic symptoms and anxiety and insomnia factors. In addition, the body fat percentage predicted positively these factors.</p>http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2013.0340

Physical Exercise, Fitness, Cognitive Functioning, and Psychosocial Variables in an Adolescent Sample

“…In addition, cardiorespiratory fitness would again stand out as the best predictor of these variables. These data are congruent with other research that had highlighted these partnerships [42,[44][45][46][47][48][49]69], and contributes to consolidating the positive relationship between physical exercise and various psychological variables that may contribute to a better psychosocial development of people at these ages [26,30,33,34].…”

Physical Exercise and Fitness Level Are Related to Cognitive and Psychosocial Functioning in Adolescents

“…Some research has pointed to the need to achieve an adequate level of physical fitness to develop improvements in cognitive aspects and optimize psychosocial functioning in people (Herting et al, 2014;Ho et al, 2015;Kantomaa et al, 2015;Fraguela-Vale et al, 2016;Reloba-Martínez et al, 2017). So, various studies have suggested in recent years that cardiorespiratory fitness is the best predictor of optimal cognitive and psychosocial functioning (Becerra-Fernández et al, 2013;Chaddock et al, 2014;Herting et al, 2014;Reigal et al, 2014).…”

“…Self-efficacy constitutes the judgments made about one's own abilities and their effectiveness in carrying out a task (Bandura, 1986). Its development is complex and is thought to depend on factors such as previous successes, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states (Bandura, 1986(Bandura, , 1997. Many authors suggest that self-efficacy is specific; others, however, argue for the existence of general self-efficacy (Schwarzer, 1992;Schwarzer and Jerusalem, 1995).…”

“…Many authors suggest that self-efficacy is specific; others, however, argue for the existence of general self-efficacy (Schwarzer, 1992;Schwarzer and Jerusalem, 1995). Perception of health refers to the judgments people make about the level of physical or mental health they possess, and it can be a predictor of levels of mortality and future disease, even in a young population (Bombak, 2013;Kantomaa et al, 2015). Finally, satisfaction with life involves an overall assessment of what life itself is like, the conditions in which it is developed, whether the expectations created have been fulfilled or are being achieved, etc., and it is one of the indicators that are usually evaluated when analyzing subjective well-being (Diener et al, 1985;Miller et al, 2019).…”

Physical Fitness and Body Shape (Physical Shape)

“…In this sense, physical fitness connected to health is defined as the ability someone has to perform everyday activities vigorously, delaying fatigue and avoiding injuries [8]. It is also defined as the ability a person has to do physical activity or exercise and it brings musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, haematology and circulatory, endocrine-metabolic and psychoneurological [9,10] functions together. Physical fitness is an important predictor of the health of an individual; it is also an important mortality and morbidity predictor [11,12].…”