Relaciones filogenéticas entre telmatobiinidos (Anura, Ceratophryidae, Telmatobiinae) de los Andes centrales basado en la morfología de los estados larval y adultos

Abstract

ResumenBatrachophrynus y Telmatobius son los dos únicos géneros reconocidos de Telmatobiinae presentes en los Andes centrales. Las especies de ambos géneros presentan adaptaciones para la vida en la altitud de los Andes siendo de hábitos acuáticos o semiacuáticos en bofedales, riachuelos, lagunas o lagos altoandinos. Este estudio presenta las relaciones filogenéticas entre Batrachophrynus y 13 especies de Telmatobius utilizando caracteres morfológicos larvales y adultos, incluyendo caracteres diagnósticos para Batrachophrynus y Telmatobius, y las sinapomorfías sugeridas para Telmatobius. El análisis filogenético dio como resultado 20 árboles igualmente parsimoniosos con una longitud de 56 pasos. Batrachophrynus forma un grupo monofilético anidado dentro del clado de Telmatobius. En este estudio, la mayoría de sinapomorfías que sustentan a Telmatobius (incluyendo a Batrachophrynus) provienen de la morfología larval y estas sinapomorfías probablemente soporten a todo el género Palabras clave: Batrachophrynus, Telmatobius, Morfología, Filogenia, Andes centrales. AbstractBatrachophrynus and Telmatobius are the two genus of Telmatobiinae from the central Andes. Both genera have species with adaptations for life at high altitude in the Andes, with aquatic or semi-aquatic habits in creeks, lagoons and lakes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between Batrachophrynus and 13 species of Telmatobius from the central Andes using larval and adult morphology including diagnostic characters for Batrachophrynus and Telmatobius, and putative sinapomorphies for Telmatobius. The phylogenetic analysis showed 20 parsimonious trees with 56 steps length. The results of this study hypothesize that the species assigned to Batrachophrynus form a monophyletic group nested within Telmatobius. In this study, most of the synapomorphies that support Telmatobius (including Batrachophrynus) come from larval morphology and these sinapomorphies will probably support the whole genus.

Variação morfológica em Telmatobius atahualpai (Anura: Telmatobiidae), com comentários sobre suas relações filogenéticas e sinapomorfias para o gênero.

“…Aguilar and Valencia (2009) could not resolve relationships among T. atahualpai, T. brevipes, T. brevirostris, T. latirostris, T. rimac, and T. truebae. However, among the species from northern Peru, T. atahualpai may be related to T. colanensis, T. latirostris, T. necopinus, and T. truebae; all of these taxa lack corneal spines in the skin other than nuptial spines, have large nuptial spines on thumb pad of males and a thumb pad that is discrete from the inner palmar tubercle (Wiens 1993).…”

“…He proposed two putative synapomorphies for Telmatobius that could not be verified based on the specimens available to him-viz., posterior fusion of the frontoparietals and restriction of nuptial spicules to Finger II; these synapomorphies were not derived from a phylogenetic analysis. In a phylogenetic analysis of 15 species of Telmatobius (T. atahualpai included) and based on adult and larval morphological characters, Aguilar and Valencia (2009) proposed synapomorphies for the Telmatobius species that they examined. In adults, the tongue is partially free posteriorly and the frontoparietals are fused posteriorly.…”

“…In addition, the chondrocranium lacks a commissura quadrato orbital. These authors suggested that these larval features, which characterize all species of Telmatobius for which tadpoles are known, might be synapomorphies of the genus (Aguilar and Valencia 2009). Moreover, T. atahuapai has fanglike teeth embedded in the labial mucosa-a feature that was considered a putative synapomorphy of Telmatobius by Trueb (1979) and not included in the analysis of Aguilar and Valencia (2009).…”

“…Members of this genus are aquatic and semiaquatic inhabitants of lakes, streams, and wetlands in the Andes, between 1000 and more than 5200 m (De la Riva 2005, Seimon et al 2007). Telmatobius is a monophyletic group and includes the two formerly recognized species of Batrachophrynus Peters, 1873 (Aguilar and Valencia 2009).…”

A new species of Telmatobius (Amphibia, Anura, Telmatobiidae) from the Pacific slopes of the Andes, Peru

“…Sixty-two species are currently recognized in this genus (AmphibiaWeb 2014; Aguilar and Valencia 2009; Frost 2014; including species previously assigned to Batrachophrynus Peters, 1873). The altitudinal distribution of Telmatobius ranges from 1000 m to 5400 m (De la Riva and Harvey 2003; Seimon et al 2007), and its longitudinal distribution extends from the equator ( Telmatobius niger Barbour & Noble, 1920, whose populations have been extirpated in Ecuador; Merino-Viteri et al 2005) to 29°S, on the eastern slopes of the Argentinean Andes ( Telmatobius contrerasi Cei, 1977).…”