Relapse of Graves' disease following SARS‑CoV‑2 infection: A case report and brief literature review

Mohammed, Saeed Rashaad; Tripathi, Mallika; Mack, Narine; Teelucksingh, Surujpal

doi:10.3892/mi.2021.25

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The vast spectrum of thyroid disorders proceeding the infection further highlights the many unknowns of SARS-CoV-2. When SARS-CoV-2 enters the host, it binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors via its spike protein [ 6 ]. Although ACE2 is most notably associated with lung tissue, many other human cells express it as well, including those in the pancreas, thyroid, testis, ovary, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a surge of reports linking the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the development of various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatologic conditions [ 1 ], hematologic conditions [ 2 ], Guillain-Barré syndrome [ 3 ], and type 1 diabetes [ 4 ]. We are still elucidating the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the thyroid gland, but several reports have demonstrated a spectrum of thyroid ailments, including Hashimoto disease, Graves’ disease (GD), postpartum thyroiditis, and subclinical thyroid abnormalities [ 5 , 6 ]. Patients with a history of thyroid disease or a genetic disposition can experience a more severe infection [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graves\' Disease Exacerbation with Impending Thyroid Storm After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report

Sebastian,

Parisa,

Pandya

et al. 2023

Am J Case Rep

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Patient: Female, 42-year-old Final Diagnosis: Graves disease Symptoms: Bilateral eye pressure • fatigue • muscle weakness • palpitations • goiter Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Endocrinology and Metabolic • General and Internal Medicine Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, several cases of COVID-19 have been linked to the development of autoimmune disorders, including of the thyroid. Graves’ disease (GD) is a rare complication that can occur following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Reports have linked COVID-19 to new onset and exacerbation of GD. We present a case of a 42-year-old woman with a history of GD presenting with impending thyroid storm 3 weeks following a diagnosis of COVID-19. Case Report: A 42-year-old woman with a history of GD presented to the Emergency Department (ED) for an acute exacerbation of hyperthyroidism 3 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed on a home test. Symptoms included daily headaches, increased bilateral eye pressure, fatigue, muscle weakness, episodes of confusion and agitation, persistent heart palpitations, and goiter. Elevated free T4 of 5.57, free T3 of 15.68, total T3 of 4.43, and near-absent thyroid stimulating hormone were noted. The Burch-Wartofsky scale was 40, which was concerning for an impending thyroid storm; however, at the time of admission, she was not in a thyroid storm. Treatment included propylthiouracil, potassium iodide oral solution, and propranolol, with symptom improvement. Due to prior history of intolerance to antithyroid medications and recent exacerbation, a thyroidectomy was performed once she was in a euthyroid state. Conclusions: Our case demonstrates the importance of recognizing COVID-19 as an etiology or a trigger for new onset or exacerbation of GD. Our case highlights that being vigilant to recognize the association between COVID-19 and thyroid abnormalities for early diagnosis and treatment is imperative.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graves\' Disease Exacerbation with Impending Thyroid Storm After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report

Sebastian,

Parisa,

Pandya

et al. 2023

Am J Case Rep

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“…An association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmune disease is increasingly described, with many reports of patients developing autoantibodies after COVID-19 [ 1 ] . Data on SARS-CoV-2 thyroid involvement is scarce, but there are reports of Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease and postpartum thyroiditis subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 2 , 3 ] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reported cases of Graves’ disease induced by SARS-CoV-2 may present as a new diagnosis or recurrence in patients with a history of the condition. In the majority of cases, symptoms presented within 2 months of infection [ 1 ] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graves’ Disease Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Sousa

Santos

Ferreira

et al. 2022

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism, caused by autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TRAbs) stimulating thyroid hormone synthesis, giving rise to a variety of systemic manifestations such as goitre, dermatopathy and orbitopathy. The authors present the case of a 28-year-old man admitted to hospital for a 3-week history of fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations and diffuse goitre, after recent mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Laboratory investigation revealed hyperthyroidism with TRAbs elevation. Thyroid ultrasound confirmed a diffusely heterogeneous and irregular thyroid gland and a nodular image below the sternal notch. Thyroid scintigraphy excluded the nodule and confirmed a Graves’ disease pattern. Following the initiation of methimazole, the patient had complete resolution of symptoms and normalization of thyroid values. The results suggest a possible association between Graves’ disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection acting as a trigger. Graves’ disease is an important differential diagnosis to keep in mind when patients present with hyperthyroidism after COVID-19 disease.

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New-Onset Graves’ Disease Induced by COVID-19: A Case Report and Literature Review

Shinzato,

Yonaha

2024

Cureus

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Relapse of Graves' disease following SARS‑CoV‑2 infection: A case report and brief literature review

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Graves\' Disease Exacerbation with Impending Thyroid Storm After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report

Graves\' Disease Exacerbation with Impending Thyroid Storm After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report

Graves’ Disease Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection

New-Onset Graves’ Disease Induced by COVID-19: A Case Report and Literature Review

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