Relatedness of matrilines, dispersing males and social groups in long–tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Ruiter, Jan R. de; Geffen, Eli

doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0267

Cited by 133 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Infant-male relationships also differ from relationships females establish amongst each other. In male dispersal species female relationships are strongly affected by maternal relatedness (Hamilton 1964;Ruiter and Geffen 1998;Silk et al 2006) which allows to predict one female's behaviour from the behaviour of a relative to some degree. Unlike females in matrilinearly structured societies the more individualistic males can also be expected to be independent of each other in developing preferences for certain infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

et al. 2016

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Social knowledge beyond one's direct relationships is a key to successful maneuvering of the social world. Individuals gather information on the quality of social relationships between their group companions, which has been termed triadic awareness. Evidence of the use of triadic awareness in natural contexts is limited mainly to conflict management. Here we investigated triadic awareness in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in the context of bridging interactions defined as male-infant-male interactions whereby a male (actor) presents an infant to another male (receiver) in order to initiate an affiliative interaction with that male. Analyses based on 1,263 hours of focal observations on ten infants of one wild social group in Morocco supported the hypothesis that males use their knowledge of the relationship between infants and other adult males when choosing a male as a partner for bridging interactions. Specifically, (i) the number of bridging interactions among initiator-infant-receiver triads was affected by the strength of the infant-receiver relationship and (ii) when two males were available as bridging partners, a male was more likely to be chosen as the receiver the stronger his social relationship with the infant in comparison to the other available male was. This demonstrates that non-human primates establish triadic awareness also of temporarily rather dynamic infant-male relationships and use it in naturally occurring affiliative context. Our results contribute to the discussion about the mechanism underlying the acquisition of triadic awareness and the benefits of its usage and lend support to hypotheses linking social complexity to the evolution of complex cognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

et al. 2016

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“…In general, using numerous unlinked loci each with high heterozygosity yields the best estimates of pairwise relatedness, although heterozygosity appears to be the more important of these two variables: Blouin et al (1996) found that nearly twice the number of loci with heterozygosities of 0.62 are needed to provide as accurate an estimate of relatedness as a given number of loci each with a heterozyogosity of 0.75. In practice, rarefaction analysis (e.g., Altmann et al, 1996;de Ruiter and Geffen, 1998; can be used to evaluate the resolution provided by a given number of loci. Briefly, rarefaction analysis is a bootstrapping procedure in which each iteration involves estimating relatedness values using genotype data from one randomly chosen locus and then examining how those R values change as data from successive random loci are incorporated into the estimate.…”

Section: Basic Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…De Ruiter and Geffen (1998) similarly compared average pairwise relatedness among different subgroups of individuals in three social groups of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Ketambe, Sumatra. Using 11 allozyme markers to genotype individuals and DNA fingerprinting to determine paternity, which allowed them to evaluate the extent to which their relatedness estimates conformed to expected patterns (e.g., father-offspring R expected ϭ 0.5, half sibling R expected ϭ 0.25), de Ruiter and Geffen (1998) found that male-male relatedness within social groups, on average, was lower than average female-female relatedness: adult males were essentially unrelated, while females were related to one another at the level of first cousins (Fig. 2D).…”

Section: Primate Molecular Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

Fiore

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

107

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In the past several decades, the development of novel molecular techniques and the advent of noninvasive DNA sampling, coupled with the ease and speed with which molecular analyses can now be performed, have made it possible for primatologists to directly examine the fitness effects of individual behavior and to explore how variation in behavior and social systems influences primate population genetic structure. This review describes the theoretical connections between individual behavior and primate social systems on the one hand and population genetic structure on the other, discusses the kinds of molecular markers typically employed in genetic studies of primates, and summarizes what primatologists have learned from molecular studies over the past few decades about dispersal patterns, mating systems, reproductive strategies, and the influence of kinship on social behavior. Several important conclusions can be drawn from this overview. First, genetic data confirm that, in many species, male dominance rank and fitness are positively related, at least over the short term, though this relationship need not simply be a reflection of malemale contest competition over mates. More importantly, genetic research reveals the significance of female choice in determining male reproductive success, and documents the efficacy of alternative mating tactics among males. Second, genetic data suggest that the presumed importance of kinship in structuring primate social relationships needs to be evaluated further, at least for some taxa such as chimpanzees in which demographic factors may be more important than relatedness. I conclude this paper by offering several suggestions of additional ways in which molecular techniques might be employed in behavioral and ecological studies of primates (e.g., for conducting "molecular censuses" of unhabituated populations, for studying disease and host-parasite interactions, or for tracking seed fate in studies of seed dispersal) and by providing a brief introduction to the burgeoning field of nonhuman primate behavioral genetics. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 46:62-99, 2003.

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“…In bonobos, chimpanzees and a few other species, males are the resident sex and females the dispersing sex (Struhsaker 1980;Strier 1999;Mitani et al 2000). Because members of the resident sex are expected to become closely related over evolutionary times (Hoelzer et al 1994;Altmann et al 1997;de Ruiter & Geffen 1998; but see above), thereby generating brotherhoods or matrilines of closely related members of the same sex, understanding the evolution of sex-biased dispersal lies at the core of all ultimate analyses of social behaviour (Gandon 1999;Storz 1999;Perrin & Mazalov 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden matrilineal structure of a solitary lemur: implications for primate social evolution

Kappeler

Wimmer

Zinner

et al. 2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Kin selection affects many aspects of social behaviour, especially in gregarious animals in which relatives are permanently associated. In most group-living primates with complex social behaviour, females are philopatric and organized into matrilines. Models of primate social evolution assume that females in solitary primates are also organized into matrilines. We examined the genetic structure and the mating system of a population of Coquerel's dwarf lemur (Mirza coquereli ), a solitary primate from Madagascar, to test this assumption. Our genetic and behavioural analyses revealed that this population of solitary individuals is indeed structured into matrilines, even though this pattern was not predicted by behavioural data. Specifically, females sharing a mitochondrial DNA haplotype were significantly clustered in space and the average genetic and geographical distances among them were negatively correlated. Not all females were philopatric, but there is no evidence for the successful settlement of dispersing females. Although not all adult males dispersed from their natal range, they were not significantly clustered in space and all of them roamed widely in search of oestrous females. As a result, paternity was widely spread among males and mixed paternities existed, indicating that scramble competition polygyny is the mating system of this species. Our data therefore revealed facultative dispersal in both sexes with a strong bias towards female philopatry in this primitive primate. We further conclude that complex kinship structures also exist in non-gregarious species, where their consequences for social behaviour are not obvious.

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Relatedness of matrilines, dispersing males and social groups in long–tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Cited by 133 publications

References 29 publications

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

Triadic awareness predicts partner choice in male–infant–male interactions in Barbary macaques

Molecular genetic approaches to the study of primate behavior, social organization, and reproduction

The hidden matrilineal structure of a solitary lemur: implications for primate social evolution

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