Relating endocrinology, physiology and behaviour using species with alternative mating strategies

Miles, Donald B.; Sinervo, Barry; Hazard, Lisa; Svensson, Erik I.; Costa, Daniel P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01304.x

Cited by 92 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(294 reference statements)

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“…In general, demonstration of the existence of such limits requires experimental manipulation by forcing the animals to expend energy at the maximum rates, constrained only by centrally or peripherally driven physiological processes ( Tinbergen & Verhulst 2000). One can expect that, under most environmental conditions, animals are unwilling to operate at the maximal rates even if food is available to excess, because it most probably entails physiological costs (Miles et al 2007;Speakman 2008 immunosuppression (Svensson et al 1998). These effects may ultimately lead to reduced survival ( Wolf & Schmid-Hempel 1989;Daan et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between activity and thermoregulation in a small carnivore, the least weaselMustela nivalis

et al. 2009

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We studied factors influencing daily energy expenditures (DEE) of male least weasels (Mustela nivalis) using the doubly labelled water technique. The relationship between ambient temperature and DEE formed a triangular pattern, characterized by invariance of the maximum DEE and an inverse relationship between minimum DEE and temperature. A simple energetic model relating the DEE of male weasels to activity time (AT) and ambient temperature predicted that, across seasons, less than 10 per cent of measurements approach the upper bound of observed DEE. Male weasels were able to maintain a relatively constant maximum energy output across varying temperatures by adjusting their AT to changes in temperature. They achieved maximum energy expenditures in winter due to high thermoregulatory costs, and in spring and summer due to high levels of physical activity. This pattern exemplifies a 'metabolic niche' of a small mammal having extremely high energy expenditures primarily driven by ambient temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between activity and thermoregulation in a small carnivore, the least weaselMustela nivalis

et al. 2009

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“…In particular, when the covariation between a trait and fitness is conditional on several traits, selection acting on a trait is correlational; the magnitude and direction of selection coefficients depend on the product of two traits. A consequence of correlational selection is the functional integration of traits [51,153]. Under correlational selection, we expect to see physiological epistasis in which several physiological pathways interact to affect the expression of endocrine cascades and the traits controlled by hormones.…”

Section: Hormonal Effects On Components Of Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the link between environmental cues and the resulting phenotype, hormones have been suggested to be critical in shaping evolution to changing environments. However, a single hormone can affect the expression of multiple traits (physiological epistasis, [44,51] or hormonal pleiotropy, [52], hence selection acting on one trait may be constrained by the underlying correlational structure with other traits. In particular, when the covariation between a trait and fitness is conditional on several traits, selection acting on a trait is correlational; the magnitude and direction of selection coefficients depend on the product of two traits.…”

Section: Hormonal Effects On Components Of Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because hormones affect multiple traits and generate trait integration, the ability of organisms to respond to selection may be limited owing to trait correlations. Trait integration arises as a consequence of multiple traits influencing fitness [51], and correlational selection should build genetic correlations among the traits resulting in constraints in response to selection [52,53]. Alternatively, selection acting on hormonal control of traits upstream may induce shifts in hormonal cascades and lead to rapid reorganization of trade-offs [44].…”

Section: Endocrine Influence On the Phenotype (A) Organizational And mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormonally mediated maternal effects, individual strategy and global change

Meylan¹,

Miles

Clobert

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

102

108

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A challenge to ecologists and evolutionary biologists is predicting organismal responses to the anticipated changes to global ecosystems through climate change. Most evidence suggests that short-term global change may involve increasing occurrences of extreme events, therefore the immediate response of individuals will be determined by physiological capacities and life-history adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions. Here, we consider the role of hormones and maternal effects in determining the persistence of species in altered environments. Hormones, specifically steroids, are critical for patterning the behaviour and morphology of parents and their offspring. Hence, steroids have a pervasive influence on multiple aspects of the offspring phenotype over its lifespan. Stress hormones, e.g. glucocorticoids, modulate and perturb phenotypes both early in development and later into adulthood. Females exposed to abiotic stressors during reproduction may alter the phenotypes by manipulation of hormones to the embryos. Thus, hormone-mediated maternal effects, which generate phenotypic plasticity, may be one avenue for coping with global change. Variation in exposure to hormones during development influences both the propensity to disperse, which alters metapopulation dynamics, and population dynamics, by affecting either recruitment to the population or subsequent life-history characteristics of the offspring. We suggest that hormones may be an informative index to the potential for populations to adapt to changing environments.

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“…One aspect of locomotion that is receiving increasing attention is the correlates or determinants of individual or interspecific variation in voluntary activity levels (e.g. Thorburn and Proietto, 2000;Miles et al, 2007). Both within and among species, variation in activity levels may reflect underlying differences in 'motivation' for being active as well as physical abilities to engage in locomotion of particular intensities or for certain durations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance capacity of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running

Meek

Lonquich

Hannon

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYMice from four lines bred for high voluntary wheel activity run ~3-fold more revolutions per day and have elevated maximal oxygen consumption during forced treadmill exercise, as compared with four unselected control (C) lines. We hypothesized that these high runner (HR) lines would have greater treadmill endurance-running capacity. Ninety-six mice from generation 49 were familiarized with running on a motorized treadmill for 3 days. On days 4 and 5, mice were given an incremental speed test (starting at 20 m min -1 , increased 1.5 m min -1 every 2 min) and endurance was measured as the total time or distance run to exhaustion. Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and lactate concentrations at rest during the photophase, during peak nightly wheel running, and immediately following the second endurance test. Individual differences in endurance time were highly repeatable between days (r=0.79), and mice tended to run longer on the second day (paired t-test, P<0.0001). Blood glucose following the treadmill test was low for all animals (~53 mg dl -1 ) and lactate was high (~6.5 mmol l -1 ), suggesting that exhaustion occurred. The HR lines had significantly higher endurance than the C lines (1-tailed P<0.05), whether or not body mass was used as a covariate in the analysis. The relationship between line means for wheel running and treadmill endurance differed between the sexes, reinforcing previous studies that indicate sex-specific responses to selective breeding. HR mice appear to have a higher endurance capacity than reported in the literature for inbred strains of mice or transgenics intended to enhance endurance.Key words: artificial selection, endurance, exhaustion, experimental evolution, genetics, glucose, lactate, locomotor activity, wheel running. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2909Endurance capacity of high-activity mice Kelly et al., 2006), increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle (Dumke et al., 2001), and more GLUT4 in the gastrocnemius after 5 days of wheel access (Gomes et al., 2009). In addition, blood haemoglobin concentration was a positive predictor of V O2max in the HR lines, but a negative predictor in the C lines (Rezende et al., 2006c). However, direct measurements of endurance-running ability have not yet been performed.The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that HR mice have greater endurance than C mice in a graded-speed treadmill test (e.g. Lerman et al., 2002; Haubold et al., 2003). We also measured blood glucose and lactate concentrations at rest, during voluntary wheel running and at the end of the endurance test. We hypothesized that wheel running would increase blood lactate concentrations relative to those at rest, and that concentrations after the endurance test would be even higher. We also hypothesized that blood glucose concentrations would be decreased following the endurance trial compared with values at rest. In human beings, endurance-trained subjects e...

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Relating endocrinology, physiology and behaviour using species with alternative mating strategies

Cited by 92 publications

References 151 publications

Trade-offs between activity and thermoregulation in a small carnivore, the least weaselMustela nivalis

Trade-offs between activity and thermoregulation in a small carnivore, the least weaselMustela nivalis

Hormonally mediated maternal effects, individual strategy and global change

Endurance capacity of mice selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running

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