Relating pessimistic memory predictions to Alzheimer's disease brain structure

Genon, Sarah; Simon, Jessica; Bahri, Mohamed Ali; Collette, Fabienne; Souchay, Céline; Jaspar, Mathieu; Bastin, Christine; Salmon, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.09.014

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Three studies used JOL tasks. 10 , 15 , 23 The predictions were made after each individual item or each cue-target pair. All three studies had HE as a control group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 Studies show that, besides anosognosia, PwAD tend to present decline in metacognitive processes. 3 , 10 , 11 Anosognosia is one hypothesis for metamemory deficits in PwAD. 7 Therefore, the constructs and measures of metamemory can be used to evaluate, and should increase our understanding of, the cognitive process underlying the lack of awareness of memory deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metamemory monitoring in Alzheimer’s disease A systematic review

Brandt

Carvalho

Belfort

et al. 2018

Dement. neuropsychol.

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Metamemory is the awareness of one’s own knowledge and control of memory, and refers to the online ability to gather information about the current state of the memory system.Objective:Metamemory is one’s own knowledge and control of memory. A systematic review was performed to identify the types of tasks used for evaluating metamemory monitoring, the stimuli used in these tasks, their limitations and the outcomes in people with Alzheimer’s disease (PwAD).Methods:This systematic review followed PRISMA methodology. A search of Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out in September, 2018, identifying experimental investigations of metamemory and dementia.Results:We included 21 studies. The most common tasks used were judgement of learning, feeling of knowing, judgement of confidence and global prediction. The rates of discrepancy between PwAD and caregivers still need further research. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was the most used list of words. PwAD are able to accurately rate their memory functioning and performance, when the evaluation is done soon afterwards. PwAD tend to overestimate their functioning and performance when the judgement involves forward-looking vision.Conclusion:In the context of metamemory impairment, clinicians and caregivers should seek interventions aiming to identify compensatory styles of functioning. This systematic review provides initial evidence for the use of metamemory measures as part of broader assessments evaluating Alzheimer’s disease.

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“…Three studies used JOL tasks. 10 , 15 , 23 The predictions were made after each individual item or each cue-target pair. All three studies had HE as a control group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamemory monitoring in Alzheimer’s disease A systematic review

Brandt

Carvalho

Belfort

et al. 2018

Dement. neuropsychol.

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“…While most of the structural brain behavior correlation studies examined the neural correlates of a particular behavioral aspect across the whole brain (Genon et al 2014;Müller et al 2015;Smolker et al 2015;Genon et al 2016b), in the present study, we examined the behavioral correlates of GMV in some specific VOIs. In other words, while many structural brain behavior correlation studies searched for a significant correlation between a priori defined behavioral measures and brain GMV with a voxel-wise approach, we searched for significant correlations between GMV in some a-priori defined VOIs and a wide range of behavioral measures.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Voi Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for behavior relating to grey matter volume in a-priori defined right dorsal premotor regions: Lessons learned

et al. 2017

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(max 250 words)Recently, we showed that the functional heterogeneity of the right dorsal premotor (PMd) cortex could be better understood by dividing it into five subregions that showed different behavioral associations according to task-based activations studies. The present study investigated whether the revealed behavioral profile could be corroborated and complemented by a structural brain behavior correlation approach in two healthy adults cohorts.Grey matter volume within the five volumes of interest (VOI-GM) was computed using voxelbased morphometry. Associations between the inter-individual differences in VOI-GM and performance across a range of neuropsychological tests were assessed in the two cohorts with and without correction for demographical variables. Additional analyses were performed in random smaller subsamples drawn from each of the two cohorts.In both cohorts, correlation coefficients were low; only few were significant and a considerable number of correlations were counterintuitive in their directions (i.e., higher performance related to lower GMV). Furthermore, correlation patterns were inconsistent between the two cohorts.Subsampling revealed that correlation patterns could vary widely across small samples and that negative correlations were as likely as positive correlations.Thus, the structural brain/behavior approach did not corroborate the functional profiles of the PMd subregions inferred from activation studies, suggesting that local recruitment by fMRI studies does not necessarily imply covariance of local structure with behavioral performance in healthy adults.We discuss the limitations of such studies and related recommendations for future studies.

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“…Humans are notoriously overconfident in estimations of their own memory abilities, and overconfidence can lead to serious consequences in many aspects of life (Berner & Graber, ; Dunlosky & Rawson, ; Genon et al, ; Glenberg & Epstein, ; Kruger & Dunning, ). Our results offer support for TBS as one means of potentially improving episodic memory as well as modulating prospective visual memory awareness noninvasively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemisphere‐specific effects of prefrontal theta‐burst stimulation on visual recognition memory accuracy and awareness

et al. 2019

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Background The prefrontal cortex has been implicated in episodic memory and the awareness of memory. Few studies have probed the nature and necessity of its role via brain stimulation. There are uncertainties regarding whether the hemisphere of stimulation predicts effects on memory and whether effects of stimulation are format‐specific, with most previous studies utilizing verbal/semantic stimuli. Objective Our primary objective was to determine if theta‐burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) to prefrontal cortex modulates visual memory accuracy, visual memory awareness, or both, and whether these effects depend on brain hemisphere. Methods We administered TBS to 12 individuals in either left prefrontal, right prefrontal, or a sham location on three separate days. We then administered a visual associative‐memory task incorporating global‐level awareness judgments and feeling‐of‐knowing (FOK) judgments on test trials for which retrieval failed. Results Overall memory accuracy significantly improved after right hemisphere TBS compared to sham. Simultaneously, subjects were relatively underconfident after right TBS, suggesting minimal awareness of memory accuracy improvements. The correspondence between FOKs and later recognition accuracy suggested a pattern of disruption in prospective memory monitoring accuracy after left TBS. Conclusions Our findings provide unique evidence for improved visual memory accuracy after right prefrontal TBS. These results also suggest right prefrontal lateralization for visual memory and left‐hemisphere specialization for item‐level prospective memory awareness judgments. Taken together, these results provided continued support for noninvasive stimulation to prefrontal cortex as a means of potentially improving memory and causally influencing prospective memory awareness.

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Relating pessimistic memory predictions to Alzheimer's disease brain structure

Cited by 16 publications

References 55 publications

Metamemory monitoring in Alzheimer’s disease A systematic review

Metamemory monitoring in Alzheimer’s disease A systematic review

Searching for behavior relating to grey matter volume in a-priori defined right dorsal premotor regions: Lessons learned

Hemisphere‐specific effects of prefrontal theta‐burst stimulation on visual recognition memory accuracy and awareness

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