Relating Reactive and Proactive Aggression to Trait Driving Anger in Young and Adult Males: A Pilot Study Using Explicit and Implicit Measures

Abstract

Driving anger and aggressive driving are main contributors to crashes, especially among young males. Trait driving anger is context-specific and unique from other forms of anger. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms of trait driving anger to develop targeted interventions. Although literature conceptually distinguished reactive and proactive aggression, this distinction is uncommon in driving research. Similar, cognitive biases related to driving anger, measured by a combination of explicit and implicit measures, received little attention. This pilot study related explicit and implicit measures associated with reactive and proactive aggression to trait driving anger, while considering age. The sample consisted of 42 male drivers. The implicit measures included a self-aggression association (i.e., Single-Target Implicit Association Test) and an attentional aggression bias (i.e., Emotional Stroop Task). Reactive aggression related positively with trait driving anger. Moreover, a self-aggression association negatively related to trait driving anger. Finally, an interaction effect for age suggested that only in young male drivers, higher proactive aggression related to lower trait driving anger. These preliminary results motivate further attention to the combination of explicit and implicit measures related to reactive and proactive aggression in trait driving anger research.

Differences in Driving Anger among Professional Drivers: A Cross-Cultural Study

“…For example, dysfunctional anger can negatively the cognitive ability and attentional processes [ 5 , 6 ], reduce behavioural inhibition [ 7 ], induce sarcasm [ 8 ] and vulnerable narcissism [ 9 ] or inflate the feeling of competence and cognitive ability [ 10 ]. Moreover, there is also evidence that uncontrolled anger may result in maladaptive behavioural consequences on the roads, such as aggressive and risky driving tendencies [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”