Relation between Birth Weight, Growth, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

Valente, Maria Helena; Gomes, Filumena Maria da Silva; Benseñor, Isabela Judith Martins; Brentani, Alexandra; Escobar, Ana Maria de Ulhôa; Grisi, Sandra

doi:10.1155/2015/926912

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Giving birth to a low birthweight baby was associated with increased IMT, and the data were most consistent with the idea that this increased risk was present prior to the pregnancy. To our knowledge, no one has examined this precise question, although a person’s own birthweight has been associated with adult IMT [38, 39]. Our results are therefore consistent with a familial (due to environment or genetics) predisposition to both LBW and atherosclerotic disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study

Harville

Juonala

Viikari

et al. 2017

Pregnancy Hypertension

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Objectives Pregnancy complications predict or even predispose to later cardiovascular disease in the mother. We examined whether pregnancy complications are associated with post-pregnancy measures of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Study design Prospective cohort; Data for 847 women female participants in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study were linked with the national birth registry. Preterm birth (<37 weeks), low birthweight (<2500 g), small-for-gestational-age (weight <10th percentile for gestational age), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were examined as predictors of later vascular measures. Main outcome measures Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), Young’s elastic modulus (YEM), and carotid artery distensibility Results In some analyses, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia were associated with increased YEM. Low birthweight was also associated with an increase in IMT, and this increased risk was present prior to the pregnancy. Conclusions The increased cardiovascular risk in the mother observed after low birthweight and hypertensive disorders may be due to vascular changes, and some of this increased risk may be present before pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study

Harville

Juonala

Viikari

et al. 2017

Pregnancy Hypertension

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“…Several studies have also associated low birth weight in neonates with increased risk of atherosclerosis. Children born to diabetic mother are at increased risk for obesity later in life which is also risk factor for atherosclerosis development [ 119 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, and other factors contributing to atherosclerosis: a systematic review

Shafi

2020

Thrombosis J

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Background Onset, development and progression of atherosclerosis are complex multistep processes. Many aspects of atherogenesis are not yet properly known. This study investigates the changes in vasculature that contribute to switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, focusing mainly on ageing. Methods Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving atherogenesis, vascular homeostasis, aging, gene expression, signaling pathways, angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular cell differentiation and maintenance, vascular stem cells, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Results Atherogenesis is a complex multistep process that unfolds in a sequence. It is caused by alterations in: epigenetics and genetics, signaling pathways, cell circuitry, genome stability, heterotypic interactions between multiple cell types and pathologic alterations in vascular microenvironment. Such alterations involve pathological changes in: Shh, Wnt, NOTCH signaling pathways, TGF beta, VEGF, FGF, IGF 1, HGF, AKT/PI3K/ mTOR pathways, EGF, FOXO, CREB, PTEN, several apoptotic pathways, ET – 1, NF-κB, TNF alpha, angiopoietin, EGFR, Bcl − 2, NGF, BDNF, neurotrophins, growth factors, several signaling proteins, MAPK, IFN, TFs, NOs, serum cholesterol, LDL, ephrin, its receptor pathway, HoxA5, Klf3, Klf4, BMPs, TGFs and others. This disruption in vascular homeostasis at cellular, genetic and epigenetic level is involved in switching of the vascular cells towards atherogenesis. All these factors working in pathologic manner, contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Conclusion The development of atherosclerosis involves the switching of gene expression towards pro-atherogenic genes. This happens because of pathologic alterations in vascular homeostasis. When pathologic alterations in epigenetics, genetics, regulatory genes, microenvironment and vascular cell biology accumulate beyond a specific threshold, then the disease begins to express itself phenotypically. The process of biological ageing is one of the most significant factors in this aspect as it is also involved in the decline in homeostasis, maintenance and integrity. The process of atherogenesis unfolds sequentially (step by step) in an interconnected loop of pathologic changes in vascular biology. Such changes are involved in ‘switching’ of vascular cells towards atherosclerosis.

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“…A lower birth weight and shorter duration of breastfeeding were associated with elevated CRP in young adults [12]. Most of the studies available in the literature confirm the existence of a correlation between hsCRP and birth weight, regardless of the race, body composition and different somatic prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors [23,28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insufficient physical activity increases cardiovascular risk in women with low birth mass

Czajkowska

Mazurek

Wiśniewski

et al. 2017

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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SummaryStudy aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between low birth mass and concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a cardiovascular risk factor in young women with various levels of physical activity. Materials and methods: 102 female students aged 19.7 ± 0.8 (18.6-23.0) were included. The study group was divided according to the declared physical activity: high physical activity (HPA, n = 69) and low physical activity (LPA, n = 33). Anthropometric indices were measured: body mass, height, hip and waist circumference. hsCRP levels were obtained from venous blood samples. Birth body mass (BBM) and birth height were collected from medical documentation. Results: Women with low BBM and LPA had a significantly higher concentration of hsCRP than women with low BBM and HPA, as well as women with normal BBM. Conclusions: Low birth mass together with low physical activity is a strong predictor of raised concentration of hsCRP, which correlates with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Regular physical activity in women with low birth mass may prevent an increased hsCRP concentration, and as a result decrease the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

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Relation between Birth Weight, Growth, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study

Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study

Switching of vascular cells towards atherogenesis, and other factors contributing to atherosclerosis: a systematic review

Insufficient physical activity increases cardiovascular risk in women with low birth mass

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