Relation between Corneal Innervation with Confocal Microscopy and Corneal Sensitivity with Noncontact Esthesiometry in Patients with Dry Eye

Benítez-del-Castillo, J.M.; Acosta, M. Carmen; Wassfi, M.A.; Díaz-Valle, D.; Gegúndez, José A; Fernandez, Cristina A.; García–Sánchez, J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0127

Cited by 301 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Tortuosity of the subbasal nerve fibers was also evaluated, according to the method proposed by Oliveira-Soto and Efron, 10 and graded from 0 to 4 as in previously published studies. 23,24 Statistical analysis Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA; version 17.0). All data are expressed as the mean±SD.…”

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal sensitivity and morphology of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in primary congenital glaucoma

Gatzioufas

Labiris

Hafezi

et al. 2014

Eye

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Background To quantify the corneal subbasal nerve density and the total number of nerve fibers in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and to evaluate their impact on corneal sensitivity. Methods Forty eyes of 26 PCG patients were compared with 40 eyes randomly selected from 40 non-glaucoma patients who populated the control group. Central corneal sensitivity (CCS) was assessed by means of Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry. The mean subbasal nerve density and the total number of nerve fibers were quantified by laserscanning confocal microscopy. Normality of data was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov testing. Differences in parameters were assessed with Student's t-test, while correlations with CSS were assessed with Pearson's correlation. Results Significant differences were identified in the mean subbasal nerve density (2108 ± 692 mm in PCG, 2642 ± 484 mm in controls, P ¼ 0.003) and in the total number of nerve fibers (12.3±4.2 in PCG, 15.4±3.1 in controls, P ¼ 0.02). Both groups presented comparable mean CCS and tortuosity. Both groups presented strong correlations between CCS and mean nerve density (r ¼ 0.57 in PCG, r ¼ 0.67 in controls, all Po0.05), and between CCS and total number of nerve fibers (r ¼ 0.55 in PCG, r ¼ 0.56 in controls, all Po0.05). Conclusion PCG exerts significant changes in both the mean subbasal nerve density and the total number of nerve fibers. However, these changes do not appear to affect central corneal sensitivity.

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Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal sensitivity and morphology of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in primary congenital glaucoma

Gatzioufas

Labiris

Hafezi

et al. 2014

Eye

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“…However, previous literature does not show a unique relationship between these aspects and, most articles emphasize a scant association between the signs and symptoms in DE disease (28)(29)(30)37), while few others report occasional associations (2,31) or inverse correlations (32). Such heterogeneous data are probably due to the small sample size used in many past studies, and because of the characteristics of the different questionnaires used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Autologous Serum Eye Drops in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome-related Dry Eye: Clinical and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Evaluation of the Ocular Surface

Semeraro

Forbice

Taglietti

et al. 2016

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“…The corneal nerve fibers are important for corneal trophism and for maintaining a healthy ocular surface. 29 A lower nerve density may impair corneal sensitivity, 6 as observed in glaucoma patients. A complex relationship seems to exist between the ocular surface changes, DED and decreased SBNFL in these eyes on chronic antiglaucoma medical treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Sensitization of ocular surface nerves and disruption of corneal barrier function occurs in chronic ocular surface inflammation due to DED leading to nerve degeneration and altered SBNFL characteristics. 6 Studies show that topical administration of CsA 0.05% significantly increases tear production, decreases ocular surface damage and dry eye symptoms. 30,31 Conjunctival epithelial biopsies from these patients show decreased molecular markers of immune activation and increased conjunctival goblet cell density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nerve degeneration that occurs in the scenario of chronic ocular surface inflammation, as in cases of dry eye, may lead to altered sub-basal nerve fiber morphology in eyes. 6 Several adverse effects on ocular surface and corneal innervation has been reported in patients on long-term antiglaucoma medications. 5 The role of in vivo confocal microscopy in ocular surface analysis of dry eye and glaucomatous patients has been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topical cyclosporine to control ocular surface disease in patients with chronic glaucoma after long-term usage of topical ocular hypotensive medications

Saini

Dhiman

Dada

et al. 2015

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate changes in ocular surface and central corneal sub-basal nerve fiber layer (SBNFL) after topical cyclosporin therapy in chronic glaucoma patients on long-term topical antiglaucoma therapy. Methods A prospective comparative study of ocular surface evaluation of chronic glaucoma patients on long-term topical therapy treated concurrently with a topical cyclosporine 0.05% twice daily for 6 months and controls was done. The study parameters evaluated at recruitment and at the 6-month follow-up included details of topical antiglaucoma medications, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular surface evaluation parameters (TBUT, Schirmers I, ocular surface staining scores and ocular surface disease (OSD) index score (OSDI)), central corneal sensation (Cochet Bonnett aesthesiometer), and central confocal microscopy to study the SBNFL density (SBNFLD). Results Thirty-two eyes of 16 patients with chronic glaucoma and 30 eyes of 15 normal subjects as controls were studied. Mean TBUT, pre/post CsA treatment was 8.67 ± 3.01/12.24 ± 1.83 s (P = 0.007). Mean conjunctival/corneal staining scores pre/post CsA treatment were 3.38 ± 1.93/1.50 ± 0.718 (P = 0.00) /5.19 ± 1.82/1.81 ± 0.78 (P = 0.098), respectively. Mean OSDI pre/post CsA treatment scores were 30.63 ± 14.61/14.76 ± 6.06 (P = 0.007). Mean corneal sensations scores pre/post CsA treatment were 4.64 ± 0.46/4.94 ± 0.39 (P = 0.002). Central corneal SBNFLD pre and post CsA treatment was 8811.35 ± 2985.29/10335.13 ± 4092.064 μm/mm 2 (P = 0.0001).Conclusions Schirmer's test, ocular surface staining scores, OSDI, corneal sensations, and corneal SBNFLD showed a statistically significant improvement following a 6-month concurrent topical CsA therapy.

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Relation between Corneal Innervation with Confocal Microscopy and Corneal Sensitivity with Noncontact Esthesiometry in Patients with Dry Eye

Abstract: The use of confocal microscopy and noncontact esthesiometry allow the detection of the presence of corneal neuropathy in patients with dry eye.

Cited by 301 publications

References 24 publications

Corneal sensitivity and morphology of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in primary congenital glaucoma

Corneal sensitivity and morphology of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus in primary congenital glaucoma

Effect of Autologous Serum Eye Drops in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome-related Dry Eye: Clinical and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Evaluation of the Ocular Surface

Topical cyclosporine to control ocular surface disease in patients with chronic glaucoma after long-term usage of topical ocular hypotensive medications

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